Changes: Ependyma

Latest revision as of 07:25, 7 March 2008

Biological: Behavioural genetics · Evolutionary psychology · Neuroanatomy · Neurochemistry · Neuroendocrinology · Neuroscience · Psychoneuroimmunology · Physiological Psychology · Psychopharmacology (Index, Outline)

Ependyma

Section of central canal of medulla spinalis, showing ependymal and neuroglial cells.
Latin	'
Gray's	subject #189 829
System
MeSH	A08.186.211.276.460
[[Image:\|190px\|center\|]]

Main article: Central ventricles

Ependyma is the thin epithelial membrane lining the ventricular system of the brain and the spinal cord. Ependyma is one of the four types of neuroglia in the central nervous system. It is involved in the production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Ependymal Cells

The ependyma is made up of ependymal cells. These are the epithelial cells that line the CSF-filled ventricles in the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord. The cells are cuboidal/columnar. Their apical surfaces are covered in a layer of cilia, which circulate CSF around the central nervous system. Their apical surfaces are also covered with microvilli, which absorb CSF. Within the brain's ventricles, a population of modified ependymal cells and capillaries together form a system called the choroid plexus, which produces the CSF.

Pathology

Ependymoma is a tumor of the ependyma.

Stem cells

Jonas Frisén and his colleagues at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm believe that ependyma is the prime candidate for the location of neural stem cells.^[1]

References

↑ Johansson CB, Momma S, Clarke DL, Risling M, Lendahl U, Frisen J (1999). Identification of a neural stem cell in the adult mammalian central nervous system.. Cell 96 (1): 25-34. PMID 9989494.

External links

This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).

[1] Johansson CB, Momma S, Clarke DL, Risling M, Lendahl U, Frisen J (1999). Identification of a neural stem cell in the adult mammalian central nervous system.. Cell 96 (1): 25-34. PMID 9989494.

[1]

@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
 ==Ependymal Cells==
-The ependyma is made up of ependymal cells.  These are the [[epithelial]] [[Cell (biology)|cells]] that line the CSF-filled [[Ventricular system|ventricle]]s in the brain and the [[central canal]] of the spinal cord.  The cells are cuboidal/columnar.  Their [[apical]] surfaces are covered in a layer of [[cilia]], which circulate CSF around the central nervous system.  Their apical surfaces are also covered with [[microvilli]], which absorb CSF.  Within the brain's ventricles, a population of modified ependymal cells and capillaries together form a system called the [[choroid plexus]], which produces the CSF.
+The ependyma is made up of ependymal cells.  These are the epithelial [[Cell (biology)|cells]] that line the CSF-filled [[Ventricular system|ventricle]]s in the brain and the [[central canal]] of the spinal cord.  The cells are cuboidal/columnar.  Their apical surfaces are covered in a layer of [[cilia]], which circulate CSF around the central nervous system.  Their apical surfaces are also covered with microvilli, which absorb CSF.  Within the brain's ventricles, a population of modified ependymal cells and capillaries together form a system called the [[choroid plexus]], which produces the CSF.
 ==Pathology==
@@ Line 27: / Line 27: @@
 ==Stem cells==
-Jonas Frisén and his colleagues at the [[Karolinska Institute]] in [[Stockholm]] believe that ependyma is the prime candidate for the location of neural [[stem cells]].<ref>{{cite journal | author = Johansson CB, Momma S, Clarke DL, Risling M, Lendahl U, Frisen J | title = Identification of a neural stem cell in the adult mammalian central nervous system. | journal = Cell | volume = 96 | issue = 1 | pages = 25-34 | year = 1999 | id = PMID 9989494}}</ref>
+Jonas Frisén and his colleagues at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm believe that ependyma is the prime candidate for the location of neural [[stem cells]].<ref>{{cite journal | author = Johansson CB, Momma S, Clarke DL, Risling M, Lendahl U, Frisen J | title = Identification of a neural stem cell in the adult mammalian central nervous system. | journal = Cell | volume = 96 | issue = 1 | pages = 25-34 | year = 1999 | id = PMID 9989494}}</ref>
 ==References==

v·d·e Histology: nervous tissue
Neurons (gray matter)	soma, axon (axon hillock, axoplasm, axolemma, neurofibril/neurofilament), dendrite (Nissl body, dendritic spine, apical dendrite, basal dendrite) types (bipolar, pseudounipolar, multipolar, pyramidal, Purkinje, granule)
Afferent nerve/Sensory nerve/Sensory neuron	GSA, GVA, SSA, SVA, fibers (Ia, Ib or Golgi, II or Aβ, III or Aδ or fast pain, IV or C or slow pain)
Efferent nerve/Motor nerve/Motor neuron	GSE, GVE, SVE, Upper motor neuron, Lower motor neuron (α motorneuron, γ motorneuron)
Synapses	neuropil, synaptic vesicle, neuromuscular junction, electrical synapse - Interneuron (Renshaw)
Sensory receptors	Free nerve ending, Meissner's corpuscle, Merkel nerve ending, Muscle spindle, Pacinian corpuscle, Ruffini ending, Olfactory receptor neuron, Photoreceptor cell, Hair cell, Taste bud
Glial cells	astrocyte, oligodendrocyte, ependymal cells, microglia, radial glia
Myelination (white matter)	Schwann cell, oligodendrocyte, nodes of Ranvier, internode, Schmidt-Lanterman incisures, neurolemma
Related connective tissues	epineurium, perineurium, endoneurium, nerve fascicle, meninges