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| ⚫ | '''Edgar Douglas Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian''' OM,PRS (30 November 1889 – 4 August 1977)<ref>GRO Register of Births: DEC 1889 1a 650 HAMPSTEAD - Edgar Douglas Adrian</ref><ref>GRO Register of Deaths: SEP 1977 9 0656 CAMBRIDGE - Edgar Douglas Adrian, DoB = 30 Nov 1889</ref> was a British [[electrophysiology|electrophysiologist]] and recipient of the 1932 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize for Physiology]], won jointly with [[Charles Scott Sherrington|Sir Charles Sherrington]] for work on the function of [[neuron]]s. |
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| − | {{Infobox Scientist |
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| − | | name = The Lord Adrian |
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| − | | image = |
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| − | | birth_name = Edgar Douglas Adrian |
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| − | | birth_date = {{birth date|1889|11|30|df=y}} |
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| − | | birth_place = [[Hampstead]], [[London]], [[England]] |
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| − | | death_date = {{death date and age|1977|08|04|1889|11|30|df=y}} |
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| − | | death_place = [[Cambridge]], [[Cambridgeshire]] |
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| − | | nationality = [[United Kingdom]] |
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| − | | known_for = |
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| − | | alma_mater = [[Cambridge University]] |
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| − | | work_institution = [[Cambridge University]] |
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| − | | field = [[Electrophysiology]] |
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| − | }} |
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| ⚫ | '''Edgar Douglas Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian''' |
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==Biography== |
==Biography== |
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| − | Adrian was born at |
+ | Adrian was born at Hampstead, London to Alfred Douglas Adrian, CB MC, legal adviser to the Local Government Board and Flora Lavinia Barton.<ref>[http://www.thepeerage.com/p4412.htm#i44111 thePeerage.com - Person Page 4412<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> He attended Westminster School and studied Natural Sciences at [[Trinity College, Cambridge]], remaining in Cambridge for the major part of his life. |
| − | Completing a medical degree in 1915, he did clinical work at [[St Bartholomew's Hospital]] London during |
+ | Completing a medical degree in 1915, he did clinical work at [[St Bartholomew's Hospital]] London during World War I, treating soldiers with nerve damage and nervous disorders such as [[shell shock]]. Adrian returned to Cambridge in 1919 and in 1925 began his studies of nerve impulses in the human sensory organs. |
Adrian married [[Hester Adrian|Hester Agnes Pinsent]] on 14 June 1923 and they had three children, a daughter and [[mixed twins]]: |
Adrian married [[Hester Adrian|Hester Agnes Pinsent]] on 14 June 1923 and they had three children, a daughter and [[mixed twins]]: |
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* Anne Pinsent Adrian, who married the physiologist [[Richard Keynes]] |
* Anne Pinsent Adrian, who married the physiologist [[Richard Keynes]] |
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| − | * |
+ | * Richard Hume Adrian, 2nd Baron Adrian (1927-1995) |
| − | * Jennet Adrian (b. 1927), who married Peter Watson Campbell.<ref>Peter Townend, ed., |
+ | * Jennet Adrian (b. 1927), who married Peter Watson Campbell.<ref>Peter Townend, ed., Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 105th edition (London, U.K.: Burke's Peerage Ltd, 1970), page 27.</ref> |
| − | He died in |
+ | He died in Cambridge, Cambridgeshire. |
===Career=== |
===Career=== |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*{{cite web | author=Karl Grandin, ed. | title=Edgar Adrian Biography | url=http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1932/adrian-bio.html | work=Les Prix Nobel | publisher=The Nobel Foundation | date=1932 | accessdate=2008-07-23}} |
*{{cite web | author=Karl Grandin, ed. | title=Edgar Adrian Biography | url=http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1932/adrian-bio.html | work=Les Prix Nobel | publisher=The Nobel Foundation | date=1932 | accessdate=2008-07-23}} |
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| − | *[http://www.trin.cam.ac.uk/index.php?pageid=172 The Master of Trinity] at [[Trinity College, Cambridge]] |
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| − | before= [[G.M. Trevelyan|George Macaulay Trevelyan]]| |
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| − | title=[[Trinity College, Cambridge|Master of Trinity College, Cambridge]] | |
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| − | years=1951–1965 | |
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| − | after=[[Rab Butler|The Lord Butler of Saffron Walden]] |
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| − | }} |
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| − | {{succession box | title=[[Chancellor (education)|Chancellor]] of the [[University of Leicester]] | before=New position | after=[[Alan Lloyd Hodgkin]] | years=1957–1971}} |
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| − | {{succession box | title=[[Chancellor of the University of Cambridge]] | before=[[Arthur Tedder, 1st Baron Tedder|The Lord Tedder]] | after=[[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|HRH The Duke of Edinburgh]] | years=1967–1976}} |
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| − | {{s-reg|uk}} |
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| − | {{succession box | before=New Creation | title=[[Baron Adrian]] | years=1955–1977 | after=[[Richard Hume Adrian, 2nd Baron Adrian|Richard Adrian]]}} |
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| − | {{Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Laureates 1926-1950}} |
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| − | {{Royal Society presidents 1900s}} |
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| − | {{Persondata |
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| − | |NAME = Adrian, Edgar Douglas |
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| − | |ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Adrian, Edgar Douglas Adrian, 1st Baron |
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| − | |SHORT DESCRIPTION = Electrophysiologist |
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| − | |DATE OF BIRTH = 1889-11-30 |
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| − | |PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Hampstead]], [[London]], [[England]] |
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| − | |DATE OF DEATH = 1977-08-04 |
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| − | |PLACE OF DEATH = [[Cambridge]], [[Cambridgeshire]], [[England]] |
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| − | }} |
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| − | {{DEFAULTSORT:Adrian, Edgar Douglas Adrian, 1st Baron}} |
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| − | [[Category:1889 births]] |
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| − | [[Category:1977 deaths]] |
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| − | [[Category:Alumni of Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry]] |
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| − | [[Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge]] |
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| − | [[Category:Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom]] |
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[[Category:British neuroscientists]] |
[[Category:British neuroscientists]] |
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| − | [[Category:Chancellors of the University of Cambridge]] |
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| − | [[Category:British Nobel laureates]] |
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| − | [[Category:Masters of Trinity College, Cambridge]] |
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| − | [[Category:Members of the Order of Merit]] |
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| − | [[Category:Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine]] |
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| − | [[Category:Old Westminsters]] |
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| − | [[Category:People associated with the University of Leicester]] |
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| − | [[Category:People from Hampstead]] |
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| − | [[Category:Presidents of the Royal Society]] |
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| − | [[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]] |
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| − | [[Category:Recipients of the Copley Medal]] |
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| − | [[Category:Royal Medal winners]] |
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Latest revision as of 09:43, 9 April 2010
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Biological: Behavioural genetics · Evolutionary psychology · Neuroanatomy · Neurochemistry · Neuroendocrinology · Neuroscience · Psychoneuroimmunology · Physiological Psychology · Psychopharmacology (Index, Outline)
Edgar Douglas Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian OM,PRS (30 November 1889 – 4 August 1977)[1][2] was a British electrophysiologist and recipient of the 1932 Nobel Prize for Physiology, won jointly with Sir Charles Sherrington for work on the function of neurons.
Biography
Adrian was born at Hampstead, London to Alfred Douglas Adrian, CB MC, legal adviser to the Local Government Board and Flora Lavinia Barton.[3] He attended Westminster School and studied Natural Sciences at Trinity College, Cambridge, remaining in Cambridge for the major part of his life.
Completing a medical degree in 1915, he did clinical work at St Bartholomew's Hospital London during World War I, treating soldiers with nerve damage and nervous disorders such as shell shock. Adrian returned to Cambridge in 1919 and in 1925 began his studies of nerve impulses in the human sensory organs.
Adrian married Hester Agnes Pinsent on 14 June 1923 and they had three children, a daughter and mixed twins:
- Anne Pinsent Adrian, who married the physiologist Richard Keynes
- Richard Hume Adrian, 2nd Baron Adrian (1927-1995)
- Jennet Adrian (b. 1927), who married Peter Watson Campbell.[4]
He died in Cambridge, Cambridgeshire.
Career
Continuing earlier studies of Keith Lucas, he used a capillary electrometer and cathode ray tube to amplify the signals produced by the nervous system and was able to record the electrical discharge of single nerve fibres under physical stimulus. An accidental discovery by Adrian in 1928 proved the presence of electricity within nerve cells. Adrian said,
- "I had arranged electrodes on the optic nerve of a toad in connection with some experiments on the retina. The room was nearly dark and I was puzzled to hear repeated noises in the loudspeaker attached to the amplifier, noises indicating that a great deal of impulse activity was going on. It was not until I compared the noises with my own movements around the room that I realized I was in the field of vision of the toad's eye and that it was signaling what I was doing."
A key result, published in 1928, stated that the excitation of the skin under constant stimulus is initially strong but gradually decreases over time, whereas the sensory impulses passing along the nerves from the point of contact are constant in strength, yet are reduced in frequency over time, and the sensation in the brain diminishes as a result.
Extending these results to the study of pain causes by the stimulus of the nervous system, he made discoveries about the reception of such signals in the brain and spatial distribution of the sensory areas of the cerebral cortex in different animals. These conclusions lead to the idea of a sensory map, called the homunculus, in the somatosensory system.
Later, Adrian used the electroencephalogram to study the electrical activity of the brain in humans. His work on the abnormalities of the Berger rhythm paved the way for subsequent investigation in epilepsy and other cerebral pathologies. He spent the last portion of his research career investigating olfaction.
Among the many awards and positions he received during his career were Foulerton Professor 1929-1937; Professor of Physiology at the University of Cambridge 1937-1951; President of the Royal Society 1950-1955; Master of Trinity College, Cambridge 1951-1965; Chancellor of the University of Cambridge 1967-1975; and Chancellor of the University of Leicester 1957–1971. In 1942 he was awarded the Order of Merit, and in 1955 was created Baron Adrian, of Cambridge in the County of Cambridge.
Bibliography
- The Basis of Sensation (1928)
- The Mechanism of Nervous Action (1932)
- Factors Determining Human Behavior (1937)
References
- ↑ GRO Register of Births: DEC 1889 1a 650 HAMPSTEAD - Edgar Douglas Adrian
- ↑ GRO Register of Deaths: SEP 1977 9 0656 CAMBRIDGE - Edgar Douglas Adrian, DoB = 30 Nov 1889
- ↑ thePeerage.com - Person Page 4412
- ↑ Peter Townend, ed., Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 105th edition (London, U.K.: Burke's Peerage Ltd, 1970), page 27.
External links
- Karl Grandin, ed.. Edgar Adrian Biography. Les Prix Nobel. The Nobel Foundation. URL accessed on 2008-07-23.
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