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| − | '''Early |
+ | '''Early childhood intervention''' is [[early intervention]] conducted with children. It may be focused on a number of areas: |
| + | ==Clinical psychology== |
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| − | If a child experiences a developmental delay, this can compound over time. The principle of early intervention is to provide appropriate therapies for children with disabilities, to minimize these delays and maximize their chances of reaching normal milestones in development. |
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| + | *[[Early childhood intervention for children with developmental disabilities]] |
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| + | *[[Lifestart]] |
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| + | ==Health== |
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| − | Early intervention begins from birth or first diagnosis, and continues until school age. It involves specialised education and therapy services for the child, as well as support for the whole family through information, advocacy, and emotional support. |
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| − | == |
+ | ==Education== |
| + | *[[Abecedarian Early Intervention Project]] |
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| + | *[[Head Start]] |
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| − | Early Childhood Intervention is sometimes a natural progression from [[Special Education]] for children with disabilities. Research during the sixties and seventies showed that the earlier children received Special Education, the better their outcomes; it also showed that families who were supported earlier were more empowered to advocate for their child later on (Guralnik, 1997). Many Early Childhood Intervention support services began as research units in universities (e.g. Syracuse University, USA; Macquarie University, Australia) while others were developed out of organisations helping older children. |
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| − | In the past it has been simply called “early intervention”, however this term is also used in other fields such as mental health, referring to adolescents, and from the nineties most organisations changed the term to “Early Childhood Intervention” to reflect the age-group. |
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| − | ==Definition == |
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| − | “Early Intervention is best conceptualized as a system designed to support family patterns of interaction that best promote children’s development” (Michael Guralnick, 1997). |
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| − | Early Childhood Intervention has several goals. Firstly, it is provided to support families to support their children’s development. Secondly, it is to promote children’s development in key domains such as communication or mobility. Thirdly, it is to promote children’s coping confidence, and finally it is to prevent the emergence of future problems. (Sheila Wolfendale, 1997). |
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| − | Early Childhood Intervention is essential care based on practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology, made universally accessive to humans in the community through their full participation; (WHO 1988:15, cited by Request Alvin and Dankie Zuma : 2010:18 ) |
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| − | == How is Early Childhood Intervention provided? == |
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| − | “These services are to be provided in the child’s natural setting, preferably at a local level, with a family-oriented and multi-dimensional team approach” (European Agency for Development in Special Needs) |
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| − | An Early Childhood Intervention team generally consists of Teachers with Special Education training, Speech and Language pathologists, Physiotherapists, Occupational therapists, and other support staff such as music therapists, teacher aides, and counsellors. A key feature of Early Childhood Intervention is the “transdisciplinary model”, where staff members discuss and work on goals even when they are outside their discipline. |
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| − | “In a transdisciplinary team the roles are not fixed. Decisions are made by professionals collaborating at a primary level. The boundaries between disciplines are deliberately blurred to employ a “targeted eclectic flexibility” (Pagliano, 1999). |
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| − | Early Childhood Intervention may be provided within a centre-based program (such as Headstart), a home-based program (such as Portage), or a mixed program (such as [[Lifestart]]). |
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| − | Therapy or [[assistive technology]] provided to the child early can help achieve the desirable results. For instance, a child with [[Cerebral Palsy]] could begin a therapy program early, using equipment such as a [[standing frame]], to maintain their health. |
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| − | Goals are chosen by the families through the annual or biannual IFSP ([[Individual Family Service Plan]]), a meeting where families and staff members talk together about current concerns, as well as celebrating achievements. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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| − | * |
+ | *[[Intervention]] |
| − | * |
+ | *[[Prenatal care]] |
| + | *[[Prevention]] |
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| + | *[[Special education]] |
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| + | *[[Special needs]] |
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| − | == References == |
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| − | *European Agency for Development in Special Needs. ''Early Childhood Intervention: Analysis of Situations in Europe'', 2005 |
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| − | *Guralnick, Michael. ''The Effectiveness of Early Intervention.'' Baltimore: P.H. Brookes, 1997 |
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| − | *Pagliano, P.J. ''Multisensory Environment''. David Fulton Publishers, London, 1999. |
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| − | *Wolfendale, Sheila. ''Meeting Special Needs in the Early Years: Directions in Policy and Practice''. London: David Fulton Publishers, 1997. |
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| − | == External links == |
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| − | *{{cite web|title=Early Childhood Intervention project |url=http://www.european-agency.org/eci/eci.html| publisher=European Agency for Development in Special Needs Education|accessdate=2006-06-15}}. |
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| − | *[http://www.ecia.org.au/ Early Childhood Intervention Association of Australia]. Retrieved [[2006-06-15]]. |
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| − | *[http://www.lifestart.org.au/ Lifestart Early Childhood Intervention, Australia]. Retrieved [[2006-06-15]]. |
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| − | *[http://www.easystand.com/magician-ei/index.cfm/ Standing Equipment for Children in Early Intervention] |
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| − | *[http://www.autism-help.org/ Fact sheets on Autism: early interventions behavioral issues and life skills] |
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| + | [[Category:Childhood]] |
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[[Category:Early childhood intervention]] |
[[Category:Early childhood intervention]] |
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| − | [[Category:Developmental psychology]] |
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| − | {{enWP|Early Childhood Intervention}} |
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Early childhood intervention is early intervention conducted with children. It may be focused on a number of areas:
Clinical psychology
Health
Education