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Name of Symptom/Sign:
Dyspnea

[[Image:|190px|center|]]
ICD-10	R068
ICD-O:
ICD-9	786.0
OMIM	[1]
MedlinePlus	003075
eMedicine	/
DiseasesDB	15892

Dyspnea or dyspnoea (pronounced disp-nee-ah, IPA /dɪsp'niə/), from Latin dyspnoea, from Greek dyspnoia from dyspnoos, shortness of breath) or shortness of breath (SOB) is perceived to be difficulty of breathing or painful breathing. It is an aspect of respiration and is a common symptom of numerous disorders.

Dyspnea on exertion (DOE or exertional dyspnea) indicates dyspnea that occurs (or worsens) during physical activity. Dyspnea on exertion is considered medically normal and does not warrant the ICD-9 786.09.^{[How to reference and link to summary or text]}

Contents 1 Disorders of the lungs 1.1 Obstructive lung diseases 1.2 Diseases of lung parenchyma and pleura 1.2.1 Contagious 1.2.2 Non-contagious 1.3 Pulmonary vascular diseases 2 Other causes of diminished breathing 2.1 Obstruction of the airway 2.2 Immobilization of the diaphragm 2.3 Restriction of the chest volume 2.4 Disorders of the cardiovascular system 2.5 Disorders of the blood and metabolism 2.6 Disorders affecting breathing nerves and muscles 2.7 Psychological conditions 2.8 Medications 3 See also 4 References 5 External links

Disorders of the lungsEdit

Obstructive lung diseasesEdit

• Asthma
• Bronchitis
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Cystic fibrosis
• Emphysema
• Laryngeal edema due to allergies
• Hookworm disease

Diseases of lung parenchyma and pleuraEdit

ContagiousEdit

• Anthrax through inhalation of Bacillus anthracis
• Pneumonia

Non-contagiousEdit

• Fibrosing alveolitis
• Atelectasis
• Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
• Interstitial lung disease
• Lung cancer
• Pleural effusion
• Pneumoconiosis
• Pneumothorax
• Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema or acute respiratory distress syndrome
• Sarcoidosis

Pulmonary vascular diseasesEdit

• Acute or recurrent pulmonary emboli
• Pulmonary hypertension, primary or secondary
• Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease
• Superior vena cava syndrome

Other causes of diminished breathingEdit

Obstruction of the airwayEdit

• Cancer of the larynx or pharynx
• Empty nose syndrome
• Pulmonary aspiration
• Epiglottitis

Immobilization of the diaphragmEdit

• Lesion of the phrenic nerve
• Polycystic liver disease
• Tumor in the diaphragm

Restriction of the chest volumeEdit

• Ankylosing spondylitis
• Broken ribs
• Kyphosis of the spine
• Obesity
• Pregnancy
• Pectus excavatum
• Scoliosis

Disorders of the cardiovascular systemEdit

• Aortic dissection
• Cardiomyopathy
• Congenital heart disease
• CREST syndrome
• Heart failure
• Ischaemic heart disease
• Malignant hypertension
• Pericardium disorders, including:
  • Cardiac tamponade
  • Constrictive pericarditis
  • Pericardial effusion
• Pulmonary edema
• Pulmonary embolism
• Valvular heart disease

Disorders of the blood and metabolismEdit

• Anemia
• Hypothyroidism
• Metabolic acidosis
• Sepsis
• Leukemia

Disorders affecting breathing nerves and muscles Edit

• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
• Guillain-Barré syndrome
• Multiple sclerosis
• Myasthenia gravis
• Parsonage Turner syndrome
• Eaton-Lambert syndrome

Psychological conditionsEdit

• Anxiety disorders and panic attacks

MedicationsEdit

• Fentanyl

See alsoEdit

• Air hunger
• Apnea, absence of respiration
• Bradypnea, slow respiration
• Cardiovascular disorders
• Eupnea, normal respiration
• Lung disorders
• Orthopnea
• Somatoform disorders
• Tachypnea, fast respiration
• Trepopnea
• Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

ReferencesEdit

Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (2006). Stedman's Medical Dictionary, 28th Edition, 601, Baltimore, Maryland: Julie K. Stegman.

External linksEdit

• GPnotebook 825557022

Template:Circulatory and respiratory system symptoms and signs

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