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Biological: Behavioural genetics · Evolutionary psychology · Neuroanatomy · Neurochemistry · Neuroendocrinology · Neuroscience · Psychoneuroimmunology · Physiological Psychology · Psychopharmacology (Index, Outline)
| dopamine beta-hydroxylase (dopamine beta-monooxygenase) | |
|---|---|
| Symbol(s): | DBH |
| Locus: | 9 q34 |
| EC number | 1.14.17.1 |
| EntrezGene | 1621 |
| OMIM | 609312 |
| RefSeq | NM_000787 |
| UniProt | P09172 |
Dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) is an enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinephrine:
DBH is a 290 kDa copper-containing oxygenase consisting of four identical subunits, and its activity requires ascorbate as a cofactor. [1] It is the only enzyme involved in the synthesis of small-molecule neurotransmitters that is membrane-bound, making norepinephrine and epinephrine the only transmitters synthesized inside vesicles. It is expressed in noredrenergic nerve terminals of the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as in chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla.
DBH is inhibited by disulfiram, [2] tropolone, [3] and, most selectively, by nepicastat. [4]
In the peripheral nervous system, it is located predominantly within sympathetic nerve vesicles, but it is also present in preganglionic motor nerve fibers of the vagus nerve. [5]
See also
References
- ↑ Rush RA, Geffen LB (1980). Dopamine beta-hydroxylase in health and disease.. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 12 (3): 241-77.
- ↑ Goldstein M, Anagnoste B, Lauber E, McKeregham MR (1964). Inhibition of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase by Disulfiram.. Life Sci 3: 763-7.
- ↑ Goldstein M, Lauber E, McKeregham MR (1964). Inhibition of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase by tropolone and other chelating agents.. Biochem Pharmacol 13: 1103-6.
- ↑ Stanley WC et. al. (1997). Catecholamine modulatory effects of nepicastat (RS-25560-197), a novel, potent and selective inhibitor of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase. 121 (8): 1803-9.
- ↑ Yang M, Zhao X, Miselis R (1999). The origin of catecholaminergic nerve fibers in the subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve of rat. J Auton Nerv Syst 76 (2-3): 108-17.
External links
- REDIRECT Template:Dioxygenases
Amino acid metabolism enzymes | |
|---|---|
| phenylalanine→tyrosine→fumarate→TCA |
Phenylalanine hydroxylase - Tyrosine aminotransferase - 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase - Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase - Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase |
| tyrosine→dopamine→epinephrine |
Tyrosine hydroxylase - Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase - Dopamine beta hydroxylase - Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase |
| leucine→HMG-CoA (keto) |
Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex - Isovaleryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase - Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase |
| isoleucine/valine→propionyl-CoA |
Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex |
| methionine→cysteine→propionyl-CoA |
Methionine adenosyltransferase - Adenosylhomocysteinase - (or MTR) - Cystathionine beta synthase - Cystathionine gamma-lyase |
| propionyl-CoA→succinyl-CoA→TCA |
Propionyl-CoA carboxylase - Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase |
| serine→glycine |
Serine hydroxymethyltransferase |
| histidine |
to histamine: Histidine decarboxylase - to glutamate: Histidine ammonia-lyase - Urocanate hydratase - Formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase |
| tryptophan→serotonin→melatonin |
Tryptophan hydroxylase - Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase - 5-hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase |
| asparagine→aspartate→oxaloacetate→TCA |
Asparaginase/Asparagine synthetase - Aspartate transaminase |
| glutamate |
Glutaminase - Glutamate decarboxylase |
| lysine→keto |
Saccharopine dehydrogenase |
| other | |
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