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	Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (dopamine beta-monooxygenase)
	Identifiers
Symbol(s)	DBH; DBM
External IDs	OMIM: 609312 MGI: 94864 Homologene: 615
EC number	1.14.17.1
Gene Ontology
Molecular Function:	• monooxygenase activity; • dopamine beta-monooxygenase activity; • copper ion binding; • L-ascorbic acid binding; • metal ion binding;
Cellular Component:	• extracellular region; • membrane fraction; • soluble fraction; • cytoplasm; • membrane; • chromaffin granule;
Biological Process:	• cytokine production; • blood vessel remodeling; • response to amphetamine; • leukocyte mediated immunity; • histidine catabolic process; • synaptic transmission; • memory; • locomotory behavior; • associative learning; • visual learning; • regulation of cell proliferation; • homoiothermy; • dopamine catabolic process; • norepinephrine biosynthetic process; • glucose homeostasis; • fear response; • maternal behavior; • regulation of apoptosis; • positive regulation of vasoconstriction; • behavioral response to ethanol; • response to pain; • leukocyte migration;
	Orthologs

Biological: Behavioural genetics · Evolutionary psychology · Neuroanatomy · Neurochemistry · Neuroendocrinology · Psychoneuroimmunology · Physiological Psychology · Psychopharmacology

Dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) is an enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinephrine:

DBH is a 290 kDa copper-containing oxygenase consisting of four identical subunits, and its activity requires ascorbate as a cofactor. ^[1] It is the only enzyme involved in the synthesis of small-molecule neurotransmitters that is membrane-bound, making norepinephrine and epinephrine the only transmitters synthesized inside vesicles. It is expressed in noradrenergic nerve terminals of the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as in chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla.

DBH is inhibited by disulfiram, ^[2] tropolone, ^[3] and, most selectively, by nepicastat. ^[4]

ReferencesEdit

↑ Rush RA, Geffen LB (1980). Dopamine beta-hydroxylase in health and disease.. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 12 (3): 241-77.
↑ Goldstein M, Anagnoste B, Lauber E, McKeregham MR (1964). Inhibition of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase by Disulfiram.. Life Sci 3: 763-7.
↑ Goldstein M, Lauber E, McKeregham MR (1964). Inhibition of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase by tropolone and other chelating agents.. Biochem Pharmacol 13: 1103-6.
↑ Stanley WC et al. (1997). Catecholamine modulatory effects of nepicastat (RS-25560-197), a novel, potent and selective inhibitor of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase. 121 (8): 1803-9.

External linksEdit

MeSH Dopamine+beta-Hydroxylase

REDIRECT Template:Dioxygenases

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[0] Rush RA, Geffen LB (1980). Dopamine beta-hydroxylase in health and disease.. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 12 (3): 241-77.

[1] Goldstein M, Anagnoste B, Lauber E, McKeregham MR (1964). Inhibition of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase by Disulfiram.. Life Sci 3: 763-7.

[2] Goldstein M, Lauber E, McKeregham MR (1964). Inhibition of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase by tropolone and other chelating agents.. Biochem Pharmacol 13: 1103-6.

[3] Stanley WC et al. (1997). Catecholamine modulatory effects of nepicastat (RS-25560-197), a novel, potent and selective inhibitor of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase. 121 (8): 1803-9.

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[2]

[3]

[4]

v·d·e Amino acid metabolism enzymes
phenylalanine→tyrosine→fumarate→TCA	Phenylalanine hydroxylase - Tyrosine aminotransferase - 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase - Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase - Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase
tyrosine→dopamine→epinephrine	Tyrosine hydroxylase - Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase - Dopamine beta hydroxylase - Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
leucine→HMG-CoA (keto)	Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex - Isovaleryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase - Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase
isoleucine/valine→propionyl-CoA	Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex
methionine→cysteine→propionyl-CoA	Methionine adenosyltransferase - Adenosylhomocysteinase - (or MTR) - Cystathionine beta synthase - Cystathionine gamma-lyase
propionyl-CoA→succinyl-CoA→TCA	Propionyl-CoA carboxylase - Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase
serine→glycine	Serine hydroxymethyltransferase
histidine	to histamine: Histidine decarboxylase - to glutamate: Histidine ammonia-lyase - Urocanate hydratase - Formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase
tryptophan→serotonin→melatonin	Tryptophan hydroxylase - Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase - 5-hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase
asparagine→aspartate→oxaloacetate→TCA	Asparaginase/Asparagine synthetase - Aspartate transaminase
glutamate	Glutaminase - Glutamate decarboxylase
lysine→keto	Saccharopine dehydrogenase
other	Tyrosinase

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Dopamine beta-hydroxylase

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