Depression - Vagus nerve stimulation

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Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has recently been approved for treating drug-resistant cases of clinical depression. A convenient, non-invasive VNS device that stimulates an afferent branch of the vagus nerve is also being developed and will soon undergo trials.

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Key texts

Papers

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• Marangell, L. B., Rush, J. A., George, M. S., Georges, D., & Sackeim, H. A. (2001). A review of vagus nerve stimulation for treatment-resistant depression. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2(3,Part2), S6-S10.
• Matthews, K., & Eljamel, M. S. (2003). Vagus nerve stimulation and refractory depression: Please can you switch me on doctor? British Journal of Psychiatry, 183(3), 181-183.
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• Nahas, Z., Marangell, L. B., Husain, M. M., Rush, A. J., Sackeim, H. A., Lisanby, S. H., et al. (2005). Two-Year Outcome of Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) for Treatment of Major Depressive Episodes. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 66(9), 1097-1104.
• Nahas, Z., Teneback, C., Chae, J.-H., Mu, Q., Molnar, C., Kozel, F. A., et al. (2007). Serial vagus nerve stimulation functional MRI in treatment-resistant depression. Neuropsychopharmacology, 32(8), 1649-1660.
• Neuhaus, A. H., Luborzewski, A., Rentzsch, J., Brakemeier, E. L., Opgen-Rhein, C., Gallinat, J., et al. (2007). P300 is enhanced in responders to vagus nerve stimulation for treatment of major depressive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 100(1-3), 123-128.
• Nierenberg, A. A., Alpert, J. E., Gardner-Schuster, E. E., Seay, S., & Mischoulon, D. (2008). Vagus nerve stimulation: 2-year outcomes for bipolar versus unipolar treatment-resistant depression. Biological Psychiatry, 64(6), 455-460.
• O'Reardon, J. P., Cristancho, P., & Peshek, A. D. (2006). Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) and Treatment of Depression: To the Brainstem and Beyond. Psychiatry, 3(5), 54-62.
• Padberg, F., Grossheinrich, N., Schonfeldt-Lecuona, C., & Pogarell, O. (2006). Update on vagus nerve stimulation and deep brain stimulation in depression. Nervenheilkunde: Zeitschrift fur interdisziplinaere Fortbildung, 25(8), 635-640.
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• Rado, J., & Janicak, P. G. (2007). Vagus nerve stimulation for severe depression. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing & Mental Health Services, 45(7), 43-51.
• Rush, A. J., & George, M. S. (2006). "Responding to three articles regarding vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) for depression": Reply. Biological Psychiatry, 60(12), 1382-1383.
• Rush, A. J., George, M. S., Sackeim, H. A., Marangell, L. B., Husain, M. M., Giller, C., et al. (2000). Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) for treatment-resistant depressions: A multicenter study. Biological Psychiatry, 47(4), 276-286.
• Rush, A. J., Marangell, L. B., Sackeim, H. A., George, M. S., Brannan, S. K., Davis, S. M., et al. (2005). Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Randomized, Controlled Acute Phase Trial. Biological Psychiatry, 58(5), 347-354.
• Rush, A. J., Sackeim, H. A., Marangell, L. B., George, M. S., Brannan, S. K., Davis, S. M., et al. (2005). Effects of 12 Months of Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Naturalistic Study. Biological Psychiatry, 58(5), 355-363.
• Sackeim, H. A., & Lisanby, S. H. (2001). Physical treatments in psychiatry: Advances in electroconvulsive therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and vagus nerve stimulation. Treatment of depression: Bridging the 21st century., 151-174.
• Sackeim, H. A., Rush, A. J., George, M. S., Marangell, L. B., Husain, M. M., Nahas, Z., et al. (2001). Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS-super(TM)) for treatment-resistant depression: Efficacy, side effects, and predictors of outcome. Neuropsychopharmacology, 25(5), 713-728.
• Schachter, S. C. (2004). Vagus nerve stimulation: Mood and cognitive effects. Epilepsy & Behavior, 5(Suppl1), S56-S59.
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