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Decarboxylation is any chemical reaction in which a carboxyl group (-COOH) is split off from a compound as carbon dioxide (CO₂).

[edit] In biochemistry

Common biosynthetic decarboxylations of amino acids to amines are: tryptophan to tryptamine, phenylalanine to phenylethylamine, tyrosine to tyramine, histidine to histamine, serine to ethanolamine, glutamic acid to GABA, lysine to cadaverine, arginine to agmatine, ornithine to putrescine, 5-HTP to serotonin, and L-DOPA to dopamine. Other decarboxylation reactions from the citric acid cycle include: pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, oxalosuccinate to α-ketoglutarate, and α-ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA. Enzymes that catalyze decarboxylations are called decarboxylases or, more formally, carboxy-lyases (E.C.4.1.1).

[edit] In organic chemistry

Chemical decarboxylations reactions often require extensive heating in high-boiling solvents. Copper salts are often added as catalysts. Also the addition of catalytic amounts of cyclohexen-2-one has been reported to catalyze the decarboxylation of amino acids. Decarboxylations are especially easy for alpha-keto acids due to the formation of a cyclic transition state for instance in Knoevenagel condensations. The Barton decarboxylation is a radical reaction.

de:Decarboxylierung

el:Αποκαρβοξυλίωση es:Descarboxilación fr:Décarboxylationnl:Decarboxyleringsv:Dekarboxylering

This page uses content from the English-language version of Wikipedia. The original article was at Decarboxylation. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Psychology Wiki, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU Free Documentation License.