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Conductive hearing loss

ICD-10	H900-H902
ICD-9	389.0
OMIM	[1]
DiseasesDB	3043
MedlinePlus	[2]
eMedicine	/
MeSH	{{{MeshNumber}}}

Conductive hearing loss is a failure in the efficient conduction of sound waves through the outer ear, tympanic membrane (eardrum) or middle ears (ossicles). This type of hearing loss may occur in conjunction with sensorineural hearing loss or alone.

Contents 1 Causes of conductive hearing loss 1.1 External ear 1.1.1 Common 1.1.2 Uncommon 1.2 Middle ear 1.2.1 Common 1.2.2 Uncommon 2 Differentiating conductive and sensorineuronal hearing loss

Causes of conductive hearing lossEdit

External earEdit

CommonEdit

• Cerumen (earwax)
• Otitis externa

UncommonEdit

• Foreign body in the external auditory canal
• Exostoses
• Tumour of the of canal
• Congenital atresia

Middle earEdit

CommonEdit

• Acute otitis media
• Serous otitis media
• Tympanic membrane perforation

UncommonEdit

• Cholesteatoma
• Otosclerosis
• Middle ear tumour
• Temporal bone trauma

Differentiating conductive and sensorineuronal hearing lossEdit

When a Weber test is carried out, sound localizes to the ear affected by the conductive loss. A Rinne test, in which air conduction is normally greater than bone conduction, is usually negative (abnormal), and shows higher greater bone conduction than air conduction.

Table 1. A table comparing sensorineural hearing loss to conductive

Criteria	Sensorineural hearing loss	Conductive hearing loss
Anatomical Site	Inner ear, cranial nerve VIII, or central processing centers	Middle ear (ossicular chain), tympanic membrane, or external ear
Weber Test	Sound localizes to normal ear	Sound localizes to affected ear (ear with conductive loss)
Rinne Test	Positive Rinne; Air conduction > Bone conduction (both air and bone conduction are decreased equally, but the difference between them is unchanged).	Negative Rinne; Bone Conduction > Air Conduction (Bone/Air Gap)

v·d·e Diseases of the ear and mastoid process (H60-H99, 380-389)
Outer ear	Otitis externa ·Otomycosis
Middle ear and mastoid	Otitis media · Mastoiditis (Bezold's abscess, Gradenigo's syndrome) · Tympanosclerosis Cholesteatoma · Perforated eardrum
Inner ear and central pathways	Common pathway Labyrinthitis/Otitis interna Equilibrioception Vertigo/Balance disorder: peripheral (Ménière's disease, BPPV, Vestibular neuronitis, Perilymph fistula) · central (Central positional nystagmus) Hearing Hearing impairment Conductive hearing loss (Otosclerosis, Superior canal dehiscence) · Sensorineural hearing loss (Presbycusis, Central hearing loss) Excessive response Tinnitus · Hyperacusis/Phonophobia Deafblindness Wolfram syndrome · Usher syndrome Other Acquired auditory processing disorder
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