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Compulsive behavior is behavior which a person does "compulsively", i.e., not because they enjoy it but because they feels they "have to". The two most common forms are:

  1. obsessive-compulsive disorder - obsessive, distressing, intrusive thoughts and related compulsions which attempt to neutralize the obsessions
  2. drug addiction - a condition where a person takes a drug compulsively, despite potential harm to themselves, or their desire to stop

Motivation[]

Compulsive behavior generally arises out of obsessional thoughts, and is driven by a sense of discomfort, which may be described as unease, anxiety, or guilt.[1]

When guilt feelings are to the fore, it is generally a severe, unyielding, archaic conscience that is in question.[2] Sometimes behavior is obviously following such a conscience, as with the exaggerated repetition of the parental command to 'go and wash' in guilt-driven compulsive washing; sometimes it may represent both obedience to conscience and its defiance in successive actions, as when a stone is removed from a road, and then put back, or when a gas tap is first turned on and then turned off again;[3] sometimes obedience and defiance are combined in one single act.[4]

Three types[]

Judith L. Rapoport proposed that there were three main types of compulsive behaviors - checkers, exacters, and washers.[5] Checkers are obliged over and over again to make sure they have not left the lights on, or doors and windows unlocked; exacters to create symmetry in anything from shoe laces to eyebrows; washers to endlessly clean themselves or the articles around them.

Debate[]

A debate exists about certain quasi-compulsive behaviors, such as gambling, as to whether they are pleasurable addictions, or egodystonic compulsions, i.e., actions which the subject attempts to resist and finds alien to themselves.[6]

Otto Fenichel suggested that there was a transition between ego-alien compulsions and pleasurable impulses in the form of compulsive games or hobbies,[7] such as reading atlases, doing mathematics, or making up languages - the latter an area where (in Tolkien's words) "as you are master your whim is law, and you may...be for ever niggling, altering, refining, wavering, according to your linguistic mood".[8]

See also[]

References[]

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