Coenzyme A

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Template:Chembox CASNoTemplate:Chembox PubChemTemplate:Chembox MeSHNameTemplate:Chembox FormulaTemplate:Chembox MolarMass

style="background: #F8EABA; text-align: center;" colspan="2"	Coenzyme A
File:Coenzym A.svg
File:Coenzyme-A-3D-balls.png
Identifiers
SMILES	CC(C)(COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OCC1C (C(C(O1)N2C=NC3=C2N=CN=C3N)O) OP(=O)(O)O)C(C(=O)NCCC(=O)NCCS)O
Properties
Hazards
style="background: #F8EABA; text-align: center;" colspan="2"	Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

Coenzyme A (CoA, CoASH, or HSCoA) is a coenzyme, notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, and the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle. It is adapted from cysteamine, pantothenate, and adenosine triphosphate.

Contents 1 Biosynthesis 2 Function 3 List of coenzyme A activated acyl groups 4 Additional images 5 References 6 External links

[edit] Biosynthesis

Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process from pantothenate:

1. Pantothenate is phosphorylated to 4'-phosphopantothenate by the enzyme pantothenate kinase
2. A cysteine is added to 4'-phosphopantothenate by the enzyme phosphopantothenoylcysteine synthetase to form 4'-phospho-N-pantothenoylcysteine (PPC)
3. PPC is decarboxylated to 4'-phosphopantetheine by phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase
4. 4'-phosphopantetheine is adenylylated to form dephospho-CoA by the enzyme phosphopantetheine adenylyl transerase
5. Finally, dephospho-CoA is phosphorylated using ATP to coenzyme A by the enzyme dephosphocoenzyme A kinase.

[edit] Function

Since coenzyme A is chemically a thiol, it can react with carboxylic acids to form thioesters, thus functioning as an acyl group carrier. It assists in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. A molecule of coenzyme A carrying an acetyl group is also referred to as acetyl-CoA. When it is not attached to an acyl group it is usually referred to as 'CoASH' or 'HSCoA'.

[edit] List of coenzyme A activated acyl groups

• Acetyl-CoA
• Propionyl-CoA
• Acetoacetyl-CoA
• Coumaroyl-CoA (used in flavonoid and stilbenoid biosynthesis)
• Acyl derived from dicarboxylic acids
  • Malonyl-CoA
  • Succinyl-CoA
  • Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (used in isoprenoid biosynthesis)
  • Pimelyl-CoA (used in biotin biosynthesis)

• Butyryl CoA

[edit] Additional images

Coenzym A beschriftet.svg Coenzyme A

[edit] References

• Karl Miller (1998). Beta Oxidation of Fatty Acids. Retrieved May 18, 2005.
• Charles Ophard (2003). Acetyl-CoA Crossroads. Retrieved May 18, 2005.
• Lehninger: Principles of Biochemistry, 4th edition, David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox
• http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/621fattyacidrx.html

Template:Enzyme cofactors

[edit] External links

This page uses content from the English-language version of Wikipedia. The original article was at Coenzyme A. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Psychology Wiki, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU Free Documentation License.