Channel blockers

Biological: Behavioural genetics · Evolutionary psychology · Neuroanatomy · Neurochemistry · Neuroendocrinology · Neuroscience · Psychoneuroimmunology · Physiological Psychology · Psychopharmacology (Index, Outline)

A channel blocker (CB) or ion channel blocker (ICB) is a type of drug which binds inside the pore of a specific type of ion channel and blocks the flow of ions through it, resulting in an alteration of the electrochemical gradient of the cell membrane of neurons and therefore a change in neurotransmission.

Types of Channel Blockers

There are several different major classes of channel blockers, including:

The following types which act on ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) via binding to their pore also exist:

5-HT₃ receptor antagonists
AMPA receptor antagonists
GABA_A receptor antagonists
Glycine receptor antagonists
Kainate receptor antagonists
nACh receptor antagonists
NMDA receptor antagonists
P2X receptor antagonists
Zinc (Zn²⁺)-activated channel antagonists

These types of receptor antagonists are referred to as noncompetitive or uncompetitive.

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v·d·e

Neuromodulation

Types

Enzyme: Inducer • Inhibitor
Ion channel: Opener • Blocker
Receptor: Agonist • Antagonist • Positive allosteric modulator (PAM) • Negative allosteric modulator (NAM) • Inverse agonist
Transporter [Reuptake]: Enhancer (RE) • Inhibitor (RI) • Releaser (RA)
Miscellaneous: Precursor • Cofactor

Classes

Enzyme

see Enzyme inhibition

Ion channel

Calcium channel blocker (CCB) • Potassium channel blocker (PCB) • Sodium channel blocker (SCB) • Potassium channel opener (PCO)

Receptor &
transporter

BA/M


Adrenergic	Adrenergic receptor agonist (α, β (1, 2)) • Adrenergic receptor antagonist (α (1, 2), β) • Adrenergic reuptake inhibitor (ARI)
Dopaminergic	Dopamine receptor agonist • Dopamine receptor antagonist • Dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI)
Histaminergic	Histamine receptor agonist • Histamine receptor antagonist (H₁, H₂, H₃)
Serotonergic	Serotonin receptor agonist • Serotonin Receptor Antagonist (5-HT₃) • Serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) • Serotonin reuptake enhancer (SRE)


GABAergic	GABA receptor agonist • GABA receptor antagonist • GABA reuptake inhibitor (GRI)
Glutamatergic	Glutamate receptor agonist (AMPA) • Glutamate receptor antagonist (NMDA)

Cholinergic

Acetylcholine receptor agonist (Muscarinic, Nicotinic) • Acetylcholine receptor antagonist (Muscarinic, Nicotinic (Ganglionic, Muscular))

Endocannabinoid

Cannabinoid receptor agonist • Cannabinoid receptor antagonist

Opioid

Opioid receptor agonist • Opioid receptor antagonist

Other

Adenosine reuptake inhibitor (AdoRI) • Angiotensin II receptor antagonist • Endothelin receptor antagonist • NK₁ receptor antagonist • Vasopressin receptor antagonist

Miscellaneous

Cofactor (see Enzyme cofactors) • Precursor (see Amino acids)

v·d·e Channel blockers
Calcium (Ca²⁺)	Amlodipine Amrinone Anandamide Anipamil Aranidipine Azelnidipine Azimilide Barnidipine Bencyclane Benidipine Bepridil Berbamine Bevantolol Canadine Carboxyamidotriazole Caroverine Cilnidipine Cinnarizine Clentiazem Clevidipine Conotoxins Darodipine Dauricine Devapamil Diltiazem Dimeditiapramine Dotarizine Dronedarone Efonidipine Emopamil Enpiperate Eperisone Ethosuximide Falipamil Fantofarone Fasudil Felodipine Fenamic acid Fendiline Flunarizine Fostedil Gallopamil Isradipine Lacidipine Lamotrigine Lercanidipine Lidoflazine Magnesium sulfate Manidipine Manoalide Mepirodipine Mesuximide Mibefradil Monatepil Naftopidil Nicardipine Nifedipine Niguldipine Niludipin Nilvadipine Nimodipine Nisoldipine Nitrendipine Norverapamil Ochratoxin A Osthol Otilonium bromide Oxodipine Perhexiline Phensuximide Pinaverium Piperidine Pranidipine Prenylamine Risedronic acid Ryodipine Sesamodil Sodium valproate Stepholidine TROX-1 Terodiline Tetrahydropalmatine Tetrandrine Tolfenamic acid Tranilast Valnoctamide Valperinol Valproate pivoxil Valproate semisodium Valproic acid Valpromide Verapamil Ziconotide Selective VDCC ligands: 4-Methylpregabalin Atagabalin Gabapentin Gabapentin enacarbil Imagabalin PD-200,347 PD-217,014 PD-299,685 Pregabalin
Potassium (K⁺)	3,4-Diaminopyridine 4-Aminopyridine Amiodarone Bretylium Bunaftine Charybdotoxin Conotoxins Dofetilide Dronedarone E-4031 Ibutilide Linopirdine Maurotoxin Nifekalant Paxilline Sotalol Tedisamil Tetraethylammonium Vernakalant
Sodium (Na⁺)	Antiarrhythmics: Ajmaline Aprindine Disopyramide Dronedarone Encainide Flecainide Lidocaine Lorajmine Lorcainide Mexiletine Moricizine Phenytoin Pilsicainide Prajmaline Procainamide Propafenone Quinidine Sparteine Tocainide Anticonvulsants: Carbamazepine Eslicarbazepine acetate Ethotoin Fosphenytoin Licarbazepine Mephenytoin Oxcarbazepine Oxitriptyline Phenytoin Rufinamide Topiramate Sodium valproate Valnoctamide Valproate pivoxil Valproate semisodium Valproic acid Valpromide Diuretics: Amiloride Benzamil Triamterene Local anesthetics: pFBT Amylocaine Articaine Benzocaine Bupivacaine (Levobupivacaine, Ropivacaine) Butacaine Butamben Chloroprocaine Cinchocaine Cocaine Cyclomethycaine Dimethocaine Etidocaine Hexylcaine Iontocaine Lidocaine Mepivacaine Meprylcaine Metabutoxycaine Orthocaine Piperocaine Prilocaine Procaine Propoxycaine Proxymetacaine Risocaine Tetracaine Trimecaine Toxins: Conotoxins Neosaxitoxin Saxitoxin Tetrodotoxin Others: Menthol
Other	Uncategorized: Ethadione Paramethadione Phenacemide Pheneturide Trimethadione

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Channel blockers

Types of Channel Blockers

See also

References

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