Carnegie stages

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In embryology, Carnegie stages are a standardized system of 23 stages used to provide a unified developmental chronology of the vertebrate embryo.

The stages are delineated through the development of structures, not by size or the number of days of development, and so the chronology can vary between species, and to a certain extent between embryos. It only covers the first 60 days of development; at that point the term embryo is usually replaced with the term fetus.

It was based on work by Streeter (1942) and O'Rahilly and Müller (1987). The name "Carnegie stages" comes from the Carnegie Institute.

While the Carnegie stages provide a universal system for staging and comparing the embryonic development of most vertebrates, other systems are occasionally used for the common model organisms in developmental biology, such as the Hamburger-Hamilton stages in the chick.

Contents 1 Stages 1.1 Stage 1: 1 days 1.2 Stage 2: 3 days 1.3 Stage 3: 4 days 1.4 Stage 4: 5-6 days 1.5 Stage 5 (a-c): 7-12 days 1.6 Stage 6: 13-15 days 1.7 Stage 7: 15-17 days 1.8 Stage 8: 17-19 days 1.9 Stage 9: 19-21 days 1.10 Stage 10: 21-23 days 1.11 Stage 11: 23-26 days 1.12 Stage 12: 26-30 days 1.13 Stage 13: 28-32 days 1.14 Stage 14: 31-35 days 1.15 Stage 15: 35-38 days 1.16 Stage 16: 36-42 days 1.17 Stage 17: 42-44 days 1.18 Stage 18: 44-48 days 1.19 Stage 19: 48-51 days 1.20 Stage 20: 51-53 days 1.21 Stage 21: 53-54 days 1.22 Stage 22: 54-58 days 1.23 Stage 23: 56-60 days 2 See also 3 External links

[edit] Stages

Days are approximate, and reflect the days since the last ovulation before pregnancy ("Postovulatory age").

[edit] Stage 1: 1 days

• fertilization
• polar bodies

[edit] Stage 2: 3 days

• cleavage
• morula
• compaction

[edit] Stage 3: 4 days

• blastocyst and blastocoele
• embryonic disk
• trophoblast and embryoblast

[edit] Stage 4: 5-6 days

• syncytiotrophoblast
• cytotrophoblast
• amniotic ectoderm

[edit] Stage 5 (a-c): 7-12 days

• implantation
• bilaminar germ disk
• primary yolk sac
• amniotic cavity

[edit] Stage 6: 13-15 days

• primitive streak
• primitive groove
• chorionic villi

[edit] Stage 7: 15-17 days

• gastrulation
• neural plate
• start of hematopoiesis
• notochord

[edit] Stage 8: 17-19 days

• primitive pit

[edit] Stage 9: 19-21 days

• neural groove
• neural folds
• septum transversum
• placode
• early heart

[edit] Stage 10: 21-23 days

• pharyngeal arches #1 and #2
• cardiac loop
• intermediate mesoderm

[edit] Stage 11: 23-26 days

• sinus venosus
• mesonephric duct

[edit] Stage 12: 26-30 days

• upper limb buds

[edit] Stage 13: 28-32 days

• septum primum
• foramen primum

[edit] Stage 14: 31-35 days

• ureteric bud

[edit] Stage 15: 35-38 days

[edit] Stage 16: 36-42 days

[edit] Stage 17: 42-44 days

[edit] Stage 18: 44-48 days

• septum secundum

[edit] Stage 19: 48-51 days

[edit] Stage 20: 51-53 days

[edit] Stage 21: 53-54 days

[edit] Stage 22: 54-58 days

[edit] Stage 23: 56-60 days

[edit] See also

• Mammalian embryogenesis

[edit] External links

• Swiss embryology (from UL, UB, and UF) iperiodembry/carnegie02

• Embryology at UNSW wwwhuman/Stages/carnegie

• Photos at unsw.edu.au
• Overview at umich.edu
• Details on stages at lsuhsc.edu
• List of structures by week, at mrc.ac.uk

Mammalian development of embryo and development and fetus (some dates are approximate - see Carnegie stages) - edit
Week 1: Zygote | Morula | Blastula/Blastomere/Blastosphere | Archenteron/Primitive streak | Blastopore | Allantois | Trophoblast (Cytotrophoblast | Syncytiotrophoblast | Gestational sac) Week 2: Yolk sac | Vitelline duct | Bilaminar disc Week 3: Hensen's node | Gastrula/Gastrulation | Trilaminar embryo Branchial arch (1st) | Branchial pouch | Meckel's cartilage | Somite/Somitomere | Germ layer (Ectoderm, Endoderm, Mesoderm, Chordamesoderm, Paraxial mesoderm, Intermediate mesoderm, Lateral plate mesoderm)
Histogenesis and Organogenesis
Circulatory system: Primitive atrium | Primitive ventricle | Bulbus cordis | Truncus arteriosus | Ostium primum | Foramen ovale | Ductus venosus | Ductus arteriosus | Aortic arches | Septum primum | Septum secundum | Cardinal veins Nervous system: Neural development/Neurulation | Neurula | Neural folds | Neural groove | Neural tube | Neural crest | Neuromere (Rhombomere) | Notochord | Optic vesicles | Optic stalk | Optic cup Digestive system: Foregut | Midgut | Hindgut | Proctodeum | Rathke's pouch | Septum transversum Urinary/Reproductive system: Urogenital folds | Urethral groove | Urogenital sinus | Kidney development (Pronephros | Mesonephros | Ureteric bud | Metanephric blastema) | Fetal genital development (Wolffian duct | Müllerian duct | Gubernaculum | Labioscrotal folds) Glands: Thyroglossal duct Uterine support: Placenta | Umbilical cord (Umbilical artery, Umbilical vein, Wharton's jelly) | Amniotic sac (Amnion, Chorion)

This page uses content from the English-language version of Wikipedia. The original article was at Carnegie stages. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Psychology Wiki, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU Free Documentation License.