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Cardiology is the branch of [[medicine]] pertaining to the [[heart]] and the vascular system of the human body -- the [[cardiovascular system]].
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Its a subspecialty (fellowship) of Internal Medicine.
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== The heart ==
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{{main|heart}}
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=== [[Cardiac pacemaker]] (Electrical system of the heart) ===
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* [[Electrical conduction system of the heart]]
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** [[Action potential]]
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*** [[Ventricular action potential]]
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* [[Sinoatrial node]]
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* [[Atrioventricular node]]
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* [[Bundle of His]]
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* [[Purkinje fibers]]
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=== Basic cardiac physiology ===
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* [[Systole]]
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* [[Diastole]]
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* [[Heart sounds]]
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* [[Preload (cardiology)|Preload]]
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* [[Afterload]]
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* [[Kussmaul's sign]]
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== Disorders of the heart ==
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{{main|heart disease}}
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== Disorders of the [[coronary circulation]] ==
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* [[Atherosclerosis]]
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* [[Restenosis]]
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* [[Coronary heart disease]] ([[Ischaemic heart disease]], Coronary artery disease)
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* [[Acute coronary syndrome]]
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** [[Angina pectoris|Angina]]
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** [[Myocardial infarction]] (Heart attack)
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== [[Sudden cardiac death]] (The abrupt cessation of blood flow, leading to death) ==
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*[[Cardiac arrest]]
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===Treatment of sudden cardiac death===
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*[[Cardiopulmonary resuscitation]] (CPR)
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== Disorders of the myocardium (muscle of the heart) ==
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* [[Cardiomyopathy]]
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** [[Ischemic cardiomyopathy]]
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** [[Nonischemic cardiomyopathy]]
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*** [[Amyloid cardiomyopathy]]
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*** [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]] (HCM)
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**** [[Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy]] (HOCM) (Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS))
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**** [[Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]]
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*** [[Dilated cardiomyopathy]]
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**** [[Alcoholic cardiomyopathy]]
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**** [[Tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy]]
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**** [[Takotsubo cardiomyopathy]] (Transient apical ballooning, stress-induced cardiomyopathy)
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*** [[Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia]] (Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy)
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*** [[Restrictive cardiomyopathy]]
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* [[Congestive heart failure]]
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** [[Cor pulmonale]]
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* [[Ventricular hypertrophy]]
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** [[Left ventricular hypertrophy]]
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* [[Primary tumors of the heart]]
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** [[Myxoma]]
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* [[Myocardial rupture]]
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== Disorders of the [[pericardium]] (outer lining of the heart) ==
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* [[Pericarditis]]
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* [[Cardiac tamponade|Pericardial tamponade]]
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* [[Constrictive pericarditis]]
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== Disorders of the [[heart valves]] ==
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* [[Aortic valve]] disorders
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** [[Aortic insufficiency]]
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** [[Aortic stenosis]]
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** [[Aortic valve replacement]]
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** [[Aortic valve repair]]
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** [[Aortic valvuloplasty]]
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* [[Mitral valve]] disorders
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** [[Mitral valve prolapse]]
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** [[Mitral regurgitation]]
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** [[Mitral stenosis]]
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** [[Mitral valve replacement]]
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** [[Mitral valve repair]]
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** [[Mitral valvuloplasty]]
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* [[Pulmonary valve]] disorders
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** [[Congenital pulmonic stenosis]]
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* [[Tricuspid valve]] disorders
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== Disorders of the electrical system of the heart ([[Cardiac electrophysiology]]) ==
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* [[Tachycardia]]
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* [[Cardiac arrhythmia]]s
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** [[Supraventricular tachycardia]] (Fast rhythms that originate above the ventricles)
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*** [[Atrial fibrillation]]
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*** [[Atrial flutter]]
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*** [[Atrial tachycardia]]
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*** [[Sick sinus syndrome]] (Tachy-Brady syndrome)
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*** [[AV nodal reentrant tachycardia]] (AVNRT)
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*** [[AV reentrant tachycardia]] (AVRT)
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** [[Bigeminy]]
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** [[Premature ventricular contraction]]
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** [[Ventricular tachycardia]]
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*** [[Torsades de pointes]]
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** [[Ventricular fibrillation]]
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** [[Sick sinus syndrome]]
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** [[Bundle branch block]]
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*** [[Left bundle branch block]]
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*** [[Right bundle branch block]]
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** [[Heart block]]
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*** [[First degree AV block]]
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*** [[Second degree AV block]]
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*** [[Bifascicular block]]
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*** [[Trifascicular block]]
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*** [[Third degree AV block]]
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**** [[Lev's disease]]
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* Specific diseases of the electrical system of the heart
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** [[Brugada syndrome]]
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** [[Long QT syndrome]]
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*** [[Andersen-Tawil syndrome]]
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*** [[Romano-Ward syndrome]]
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*** [[Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome]]
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** [[Short QT syndrome]]
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** [[Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]] (WPW syndrome)
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== Inflammation and infection of the heart ==
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* [[Endocarditis]]
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** [[Rheumatic heart disease]]
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* [[Myocarditis]]
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* [[Pericarditis]]
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== [[Congenital heart disease]] ==
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* [[Atrial septal defect]]
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* [[Ventricular septal defect]]
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* [[Patent ductus arteriosus]]
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* [[Bicuspid aortic valve]]
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* [[Tetralogy of Fallot]]
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* [[Transposition of the great vessels]] (TGV)
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* [[Hypoplastic left heart syndrome]]
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== Diseases of blood vessels (Vascular diseases) ==
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* [[Vasculitis]]
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* [[Atherosclerosis]]
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* [[Aneurysm]]
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* [[Varicose veins]]
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* [[Economy class syndrome]] <!-- VascularBiology or Hematology ? -->
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* Diseases of the aorta
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** [[Coarctation of the aorta]]
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** [[Aortic dissection]]
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** [[Aortic aneurysm]]
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* Diseases of the [[Carotid artery|carotid arteries]]
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** [[Carotid artery disease]]
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** [[Carotid artery dissection]]
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== Procedures done for coronary artery disease ==
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* [[Percutaneous coronary intervention]]
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** [[Atherectomy]]
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** [[Angioplasty]] (PTCA)
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** [[Stent]]ing
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* [[Coronary artery bypass surgery]] (CABG)
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* [[Enhanced external counterpulsation]] (EECP)
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== Devices used in cardiology ==
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* [[Stethoscope]]
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* Devices used to maintain normal electrical rhythm
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** [[Artificial pacemaker|Pacemaker]]
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** [[Defibrillator]]
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*** [[Automated external defibrillator]]
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*** [[Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator]]
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* Devices used to maintain [[blood pressure]]
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** [[Artificial heart]]
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** [[Heart-lung machine]]
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** [[Intra-aortic balloon pump]]
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** [[Ventricular assist device]]
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== [[Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures|Diagnostic tests and procedures]] ==
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* [[Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures|Blood tests]]
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* [[Echocardiography|Echocardiogram]]
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* [[Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance|CMR]]
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* [[Cardiac stress test]]
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* Auscultation (Listening with the Stethoscope)
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[[Electrocardiogram]] (ECG or EKG)
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** [[QT interval]]
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** [[Osborn wave]]
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* [[Holter monitor|Ambulatory Holter monitor]]
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* [[Electrophysiologic study]]
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** [[Programmed electrical stimulation]]
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* [[Sphygmomanometer]] (Blood pressure cuff)
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* [[Cardiac enzymes]]
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* [[Coronary catheterization]]
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** [[Fractional flow reserve|Myocardial Fractional Flow Reserve]] (FFRmyo)
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** [[IVUS]] (IntraVascular UltraSound)
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== Cardiac pharmaceutical agents ==
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The followings are [[medication]]s commonly prescribed in cardiology:
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* [[Antiarrhythmic agents]]
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** Type I ([[sodium]] [[ion channel|channel]] blockers)
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*** Type Ia
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**** [[Quinidine]]
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*** Type Ib
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**** [[Lidocaine]]
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**** [[Phenytoin]]
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*** Type Ic
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**** [[Propafenone]]
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** Type II ([[beta blocker]]s)
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*** [[Metoprolol]]
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** Type III ([[potassium]] channel blockers)
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*** [[Amiodarone]]
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*** [[Dofetilide]]
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*** [[Sotalol]]
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** Type IV (slow [[calcium channel blocker]]s)
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*** [[Diltiazem]]
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*** [[Verapamil]]
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** Type V
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*** [[Adenosine]]
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*** [[Digoxin]]
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* [[ACE inhibitor]]s
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** [[Captopril]]
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** [[Enalapril]]
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** [[Perindopril]]
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** [[Ramipril]]
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* [[Angiotensin II receptor antagonist]]s
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** [[Candesartan]]
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** [[Eprosartan]]
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** [[Irbesartan]]
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** [[Losartan]]
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** [[Telmisartan]]
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** [[Valsartan]]
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* [[Beta blocker]]
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* [[Calcium channel blocker]]
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==See also==
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* [[Interventional cardiology]]
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* [[Clinical cardiac electrophysiology]]
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* [[Heart Failure Society of America]]
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* [[American Heart Association]]
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* [[National Heart Foundation of Australia]]
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* [[Skumin syndrome]]
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==External links==
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* [http://www.cardiologytoday.com/ Cardiology News]
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* [http://www.escardio.org European Society of Cardiology]
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* U.S. [[National Institute of Health]] (NIH) [http://health.nih.gov/search.asp/10 : Heart and Circulation]
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* [http://www.acc.org American College of Cardiology]
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* [http://know-heart-diseases.com Coronary heart disease]
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* [http://www.virtualcardiaccentre.com Virtual Cardiac Centre] - latest comprehensive information on the field of Cardiology.
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* [http://www.cvphysiology.com Cardiovascular Physiology] - comprehensive explanation of basic concepts in cardiology.
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* [http://www.lejacq.com/Journal_PC.cfm?CFID=3025482&CFTOKEN=85552068 Preventive Cardiology]
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* [http://atlas.scmr.org/ A cardiac atlas using CMR images]
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{{Medicine}}
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{{Cardiovascular system}}
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[[Category:Cardiology| ]]
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[[Category:Medical sciences]]
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<!--
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[[ast:Cardioloxía]]
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[[bn:হৃদ্‌বিদ্যা]]
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[[ca:Cardiologia]]
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[[de:Kardiologie]]
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[[es:Cardiología]]
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[[eu:Kardiologia]]
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[[fr:Cardiologie]]
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[[hr:Kardiologija]]
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[[id:Kardiologi]]
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[[it:Cardiologia]]
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[[he:קרדיולוגיה]]
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[[la:Cardiologia]]
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[[nl:Cardiologie]]
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[[ne:हृदयशास्त्र]]
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[[ja:循環器学]]
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[[no:Kardiologi]]
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[[nds:Kardiologie]]
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[[pl:Kardiologia]]
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[[pt:Cardiologia]]
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[[ru:Кардиология]]
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[[sq:Kardiologjia]]
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[[sl:Kardiologija]]
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[[sr:Кардиологија]]
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[[sh:Kardiologija]]
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[[fi:Kardiologia]]
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[[sv:Kardiologi]]
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[[tr:Kardiyoloji]]
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[[uk:Кардіологія]]
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[[zh:心臟內科]]
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-->
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{{enWP|Cardiology}}

Latest revision as of 04:57, 20 May 2018

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Cardiology is the branch of medicine pertaining to the heart and the vascular system of the human body -- the cardiovascular system. Its a subspecialty (fellowship) of Internal Medicine.

The heart

Main article: heart


Cardiac pacemaker (Electrical system of the heart)


Basic cardiac physiology

Disorders of the heart

Main article: heart disease

Disorders of the coronary circulation

Sudden cardiac death (The abrupt cessation of blood flow, leading to death)

Treatment of sudden cardiac death

  • Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

Disorders of the myocardium (muscle of the heart)

  • Cardiomyopathy
    • Ischemic cardiomyopathy
    • Nonischemic cardiomyopathy
      • Amyloid cardiomyopathy
      • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
        • Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) (Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS))
        • Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
      • Dilated cardiomyopathy
        • Alcoholic cardiomyopathy
        • Tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy
        • Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (Transient apical ballooning, stress-induced cardiomyopathy)
      • Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy)
      • Restrictive cardiomyopathy
  • Congestive heart failure
    • Cor pulmonale
  • Ventricular hypertrophy
    • Left ventricular hypertrophy
  • Primary tumors of the heart
    • Myxoma
  • Myocardial rupture

Disorders of the pericardium (outer lining of the heart)

  • Pericarditis
  • Pericardial tamponade
  • Constrictive pericarditis

Disorders of the heart valves

  • Aortic valve disorders
    • Aortic insufficiency
    • Aortic stenosis
    • Aortic valve replacement
    • Aortic valve repair
    • Aortic valvuloplasty
  • Mitral valve disorders
    • Mitral valve prolapse
    • Mitral regurgitation
    • Mitral stenosis
    • Mitral valve replacement
    • Mitral valve repair
    • Mitral valvuloplasty
  • Pulmonary valve disorders
    • Congenital pulmonic stenosis
  • Tricuspid valve disorders

Disorders of the electrical system of the heart (Cardiac electrophysiology)

Inflammation and infection of the heart

Congenital heart disease

  • Atrial septal defect
  • Ventricular septal defect
  • Patent ductus arteriosus
  • Bicuspid aortic valve
  • Tetralogy of Fallot
  • Transposition of the great vessels (TGV)
  • Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Diseases of blood vessels (Vascular diseases)

  • Vasculitis
  • Atherosclerosis
  • Aneurysm
  • Varicose veins
  • Economy class syndrome
  • Diseases of the aorta
    • Coarctation of the aorta
    • Aortic dissection
    • Aortic aneurysm
  • Diseases of the carotid arteries
    • Carotid artery disease
    • Carotid artery dissection

Procedures done for coronary artery disease

  • Percutaneous coronary intervention
    • Atherectomy
    • Angioplasty (PTCA)
    • Stenting
  • Coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG)
  • Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP)

Devices used in cardiology

  • Stethoscope
  • Devices used to maintain normal electrical rhythm
    • Pacemaker
    • Defibrillator
      • Automated external defibrillator
      • Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
  • Devices used to maintain blood pressure
    • Artificial heart
    • Heart-lung machine
    • Intra-aortic balloon pump
    • Ventricular assist device

Diagnostic tests and procedures

  • Blood tests
  • Echocardiogram
  • CMR
  • Cardiac stress test
  • Auscultation (Listening with the Stethoscope)

Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)

  • Ambulatory Holter monitor
  • Electrophysiologic study
    • Programmed electrical stimulation
  • Sphygmomanometer (Blood pressure cuff)
  • Cardiac enzymes
  • Coronary catheterization
    • Myocardial Fractional Flow Reserve (FFRmyo)
    • IVUS (IntraVascular UltraSound)

Cardiac pharmaceutical agents

The followings are medications commonly prescribed in cardiology:

See also

External links

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