Assessment |
Biopsychology |
Comparative |
Cognitive |
Developmental |
Language |
Individual differences |
Personality |
Philosophy |
Social |
Methods |
Statistics |
Clinical |
Educational |
Industrial |
Professional items |
World psychology |
Biological: Behavioural genetics · Evolutionary psychology · Neuroanatomy · Neurochemistry · Neuroendocrinology · Neuroscience · Psychoneuroimmunology · Physiological Psychology · Psychopharmacology (Index, Outline)
A Calcium channel is an ion channel which displays selective permeability to calcium ions. It is sometimes synonymous as voltage-dependent calcium channel,[1] although there are also ligand-gated calcium channels.[2]
Comparison tables[]
The following tables explain gating, gene, location and function of different types of calcium channels, both voltage and ligand-gated.
Voltage-gated[]
- Main article: voltage-dependent calcium channel
Type | Gated by | Protein | Gene | Location | Function |
L-type | high voltage | Cav1.1 Cav1.2 Cav1.3 Cav1.4 |
CACNA1S CACNA1C CACNA1D CACNA1F |
Skeletal muscle, bone (osteoblasts), ventricular myocytes**, dendrites and dendritic spines of cortical neurons | SMC and cardiac muscle contraction.[3] Responsible for prolonged action potential in cardiac muscle. |
P-type/Q-type | high voltage | Cav2.1 | CACNA1A | Purkinje neurons in the cerebellum / Cerebellar granule cells | neurotransmitter release[3] |
N-type | high voltage | Cav2.2 | CACNA1B | Throughout the brain | neurotransmitter release[3] |
R-type | intermediate voltage | Cav2.3 | CACNA1E | Cerebellar granule cells, other neurons | ?[3] |
T-type | low voltage | Cav3.1 Cav3.2 Cav3.3 |
CACNA1G CACNA1H CACNA1I |
neurons, cells that have pacemaker activity, bone (osteocytes) | Regular sinus rhythm[3] |
Ligand-gated[]
- the receptor-operated calcium channels (in vasoconstriction)
Type | Gated by | Gene | Location | Function |
IP3 receptor | IP3 | ITPR1, ITPR2, ITPR3 | ER/SR | Releases calcium from ER/SR in response to IP3 by e.g. GPCRs[3] |
Ryanodine receptor | dihydropyridine receptors in T-tubules and increased intracellular calcium (Calcium Induced Calcium Release - CICR) | RYR1, RYR2, RYR3 | ER/SR | Calcium-induced calcium release in myocytes[3] |
Two-pore channel | ||||
Cation channels of sperm | ||||
store-operated channels | indirectly by ER/SR depletion of calcium[3] | ORAI1, ORAI2, ORAI3 | plasma membrane |
Pharmacology[]
Calcium channel blockers are used to treat hypertension.
References[]
- ↑ Template:DorlandsDict
- ↑ Striggow F, Ehrlich BE (August 1996). Ligand-gated calcium channels inside and out. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 8 (4): 490–5.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Rang, H. P. (2003). Pharmacology, Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. Page 53
- ↑ Walter F., PhD. Boron (2005). Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approach, Elsevier/Saunders. Page 479
External links[]
- Voltage-Gated Ion Channels. IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology.
- TRIP Database. a manually curated database of protein-protein interactions for mammalian TRP channels.
Membrane transport protein: ion channels
| |
---|---|
Ca | Voltage-dependent calcium channel (L-type/CACNA1C, N-type, P-type, Q-type, R-type, T-type) - Inositol triphosphate receptor - Ryanodine receptor - Cation channels of sperm |
Na: Sodium channel | Nav1.4 - Nav1.5 - Nav1.7 - Epithelial sodium channel |
K: Potassium channel | Voltage-gated (KvLQT1, KvLQT2, KvLQT3, HERG, Shaker gene, KCNE1) - Calcium-activated (BK channel, SK channel) - Inward-rectifier (ROMK, KCNJ2) - Tandem pore domain |
Cl: Chloride channel | Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator |
Porin | Aquaporin (1, 2, 3, 4) |
Transient receptor potential | TRPA - TRPC (TRPC6) - TRPM (TRPM6) - TRPML (Mucolipin-1) - TRPP - TRPV (TRPV1, TRPV6) |
Other/general | Gap junction - Stretch-activated ion channel - Ligand-gated ion channel - Voltage-gated ion channel - Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel - Two-pore channel |
This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors). |