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Contents 1 See also 2 Further reading 3 References 4 External links

Part of a series on Buddhism

Psychology and Buddhism Buddhist psychology Buddhist philosophy Buddhism and psychology/> Buddhism and psychoanalysis Buddhism and psychotherapy

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Key Concepts Three marks of existence Skandha · Cosmology · Dharma Samsara · Rebirth · Shunyata Pratitya-samutpada · Karma

Practices and Attainment Buddhahood · Bodhisattva Four Stages of Enlightenment Paramis · Meditation

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Buddhist meditation, meditation used in the practice of Buddhism, "includes any method of meditation that has Enlightenment as its ultimate aim"¹. The closest word for meditation in the classical languages of Buddhism is bhavana or "mental development"².

The main methods of Buddhist meditation are divided into samatha (tranquility meditations) and vipassana (insight meditations).

The samatha meditations includes anapana (mindfulness of breathing, or mindfulness of the in-breath and out-breath) and the four brahma-viras (lit. "sublime abodes") of which mettā bhāvanā (development of loving kindness) is the most often practiced one. The vipassana meditations includes contemplation on impermanence, the six element practice, and contemplation on conditionality. Samatha meditations usually precede and prepare for vipassana meditations.

Each of the five basic methods (in bold) is an "antidote" to one of the five mental "poisons".

Meditation type	Method	Counteracts	Develops
Samatha (tranquility meditations)	anapana (mindfulnes of breathing)	distraction	concentration
	metta bhavana	hatred and sentimental attachment	loving kindness
	karuna bhavana	cruelty, sentimental pity and horrified anxiety	compassion
	mudita bhavana	resentment, envy and vicarious enjoyment	sympathetic joy
	upekkha bhavana	fixed indifference and apathetic neutrality	equanimity
Vipassana (insight meditations)	contemplation on impermanence	craving	inner peace, freedom
	six element practice	conceit	clarity regarding nature of self
	contemplation on conditionality	ignorance	wisdom, compassion

[edit] See also

• Anapana
• Arupajhana
• Dhyana
• Kasina
• Lotus position
• Mettā
• Mindfulness
• Rupajhana
• Samadhi
• Samatha
• Sati
• Satipatthana
• Shikantaza
• Zazen
• Padmaloka, retreat centre in Surlingham, Norwich, UK
• Six Yogas of Naropa
• The Path to Nirvana
• Vedana
• Vipassana jhanas
• Vitakka

[edit] Further reading

• Matthew Flickstein and Bhante Henepola Gunaratana. (1998) Journey to the Center: A Meditation Workbook. Wisdom Publications. ISBN 0861711416.

[edit] References

• Note 1: Kamalashila (1996), Meditation: The Buddhist Art of Tranquility and Insight, Birmingham: Windhorse Publications, ISBN 1899579052.

• Note 2: Epstein, Mark (1995), Thoughts Without a Thinker: Psychotherapy from a Buddhist Perspective, BasicBooks, ISBN 0465039316.

[edit] External links

• Buddhist Meditation in the Theravada tradition
• Buddhist Meditation
• Dhammakaya foundation
• Guided Meditations on the Lamrim — The Gradual Path to Enlightenment by Bhikshuni Thubten Chodron (PDF file).

pt:Meditação budista fr:méditation bouddhique

This page uses content from the English-language version of Wikipedia. The original article was at Buddhist meditation. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Psychology Wiki, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU Free Documentation License.