# Blood flow

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Blood flow is the flow of blood in the cardiovascular system.

It can be calculated by dividing the vascular resistance into the pressure gradient.[1]

One study found that introverts have more blood flow in the frontal lobes of their brain and the anterior or frontal thalamus, which are areas dealing with internal processing, such as planning and problem solving. Extraverts have more blood flow in the anterior cingulate gyrus, temporal lobes, and posterior thalamus, which are involved in sensory and emotional experience.[2] This study and other research indicates that introversion-extraversion is related to individual differences in brain function.

## PhysicsEdit

Mathematically, blood flow is described by Darcy's law (which can be viewed as the fluid equivalent of Ohm's law) and approximately by Hagen-Poiseuille equation.

Blood is a heterogeneous medium consisting mainly of plasma and a suspension of red blood cells. Red cells tend to coagulate when the flow shear rates are low, while increasing shear rates break these formations apart, thus reducing blood viscosity. This results in two non-Newtonian blood properties, shear thinning and yield stress. In healthy large arteries blood can be successfully approximated as a homogeneous, Newtonian fluid since the vessel size is much greater than the size of particles and shear rates are sufficiently high that particle interactions may have a negligible effect on the flow. In smaller vessels, however, non-Newtonian blood behavior should be taken into account.

The flow in healthy vessels is generally laminar, however in diseased (e.g. atherosclerotic) arteries the flow may be transitional or turbulent.

## EquationsEdit

The first equation below is Darcy's law, the second is the Hagen-Poiseuille equation:

$F = \frac{\Delta P}{R}$
$R = (\frac{\nu L}{r^4})(\frac{8}{\pi})$

where:

 F = blood flow P = pressure R = resistance ν = fluid viscosity L = length of tube r = radius of tube

In the last equation it is important to note that resistance to flow changes dramatically with respect to the radius of the tube. This is important in angioplasty, as it enables the increase of blood flow with balloon catheter to the deprived organ significantly with only a small increase in radius of a vessel.

## Disturbed blood flow Edit

Disturbed blood flow may cause ischemia and even infarction of the dependent tissue supplied by the struck vessels.

Causes include:

Disturbed blood flow is a factor in Virchow's triad for thrombosis. [3]

## ReferencesEdit

1. TMW - Basic Physiological Concepts. URL accessed on 2009-01-17.
2. Johnson, D. L., Wiebe, J. S., Gold, S. M., Andreasen, N. C. (1999). Cerebral blood flow and personality: A positron emission tomography study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 252–257.
3. Chapter 4 in: Mitchell, Richard Sheppard; Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson. Robbins Basic Pathology: With STUDENT CONSULT Online Access, Philadelphia: Saunders. 8th edition.