Changes: Barbiturate poisoning

**Barbiturate overdose**
ICD-10	F13.0, T423
ICD-9	969
OMIM	[1]
DiseasesDB	[2]
MedlinePlus	[3]
eMedicine	article/813155
MeSH	{{{MeshNumber}}}

Latest revision as of 07:25, 28 November 2011

Biological: Behavioural genetics · Evolutionary psychology · Neuroanatomy · Neurochemistry · Neuroendocrinology · Neuroscience · Psychoneuroimmunology · Physiological Psychology · Psychopharmacology (Index, Outline)

Barbiturate poisoning is a toxic disorder resulting from an over dose of Barbiturates

A barbiturate overdose results when a person takes a larger-than-prescribed dose of barbiturates. Symptoms of an overdose typically include sluggishness, incoordination, difficulty in thinking, slowness of speech, faulty judgment, drowsiness, shallow breathing, and staggering. In severe cases, coma and death can result.^[1] The lethal dosage of barbiturates varies greatly with tolerance and from one individual to another.^[2]

Barbiturate overdose with other CNS (central nervous system) depressants, such as alcohol, opiates or benzodiazepines, is even more dangerous due to additive CNS and respiratory depressant effects. In the case of benzodiazepines, barbiturates also increase the binding affinity of the benzodiazepine binding sites thus leading to an exaggerated effect of benzodiazepines.^[3]

The treatment of barbiturate abuse or overdose is generally supportive. The amount of support required depends on the person’s symptoms. If the patient is drowsy but awake and can swallow and breathe without difficulty, the treatment can be as simple as monitoring the patient closely. If the patient is not breathing, it may involve mechanical ventilation until the drug has worn off.

Activated charcoal may given via nasogastric tube.

Start on Naloxone, Thiamine, Glucose, & IV fluid.

NaHCO3 to alkalize the urine

Admitted to the hospital or observe in the Emergency Department for a number of hours.

Advice the patient about drug abuse or Psychiatric consult.

References

↑ Barbiturate intoxication and overdose. MedLine Plus. URL accessed on 15 July 2008.
↑ Keltner, Norman."Psychiatric Nursing 4th Edition" Evolve Press,2003.
↑ Miller LG, Deutsch SI, Greenblatt DJ, Paul SM, Shader RI (1988). Acute barbiturate administration increases benzodiazepine receptor binding in vivo. Psychopharmacology (Berl.) 96 (3): 385–90.

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[1] Barbiturate intoxication and overdose. MedLine Plus. URL accessed on 15 July 2008.

[2] Keltner, Norman."Psychiatric Nursing 4th Edition" Evolve Press,2003.

[3] Miller LG, Deutsch SI, Greenblatt DJ, Paul SM, Shader RI (1988). Acute barbiturate administration increases benzodiazepine receptor binding in vivo. Psychopharmacology (Berl.) 96 (3): 385–90.

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@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 [[Barbiturate poisoning]] is a [[toxic disorder]] resulting from an over dose of [[Barbiturates]]
+{{Infobox Disease
+ | Name           = Barbiturate overdose
+ | Image          =
+ | Caption        =
+ | DiseasesDB     =
+ | ICD10          =  {{ICD10|F|13||f|10}}.0, {{ICD10|T|42|3|t|36}}
+ | ICD9           = {{ICD9|969}}
+ | ICDO           =
+ | OMIM           =
+ | MedlinePlus    =
+ | eMedicineSubj  = article
+ | eMedicineTopic = 813155
+ | MeshID         =
+}}
+A '''barbiturate overdose''' results when a person takes a larger-than-prescribed dose of [[barbiturate]]s. Symptoms of an overdose typically include sluggishness, incoordination, difficulty in thinking, slowness of speech, faulty judgment, drowsiness, shallow breathing, and staggering. In severe cases, coma and death can result.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000951.htm |title= Barbiturate intoxication and overdose |accessdate= 15 July 2008 | publisher = MedLine Plus }}</ref> The lethal dosage of barbiturates varies greatly with [[Drug_tolerance|tolerance]] and from one individual to another.<ref>Keltner, Norman."Psychiatric Nursing 4th Edition" Evolve Press,2003.</ref>
+Barbiturate overdose with other CNS (central nervous system) depressants, such as [[ethanol|alcohol]], [[opiates]] or [[benzodiazepines]], is even more dangerous due to additive CNS and respiratory depressant effects. In the case of benzodiazepines, barbiturates also increase the binding affinity of the benzodiazepine [[Binding_site|binding sites]] thus leading to an exaggerated effect of benzodiazepines.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Miller LG, Deutsch SI, Greenblatt DJ, Paul SM, Shader RI |title=Acute barbiturate administration increases benzodiazepine receptor binding in vivo |journal=Psychopharmacology (Berl.) |volume=96 |issue=3 |pages=385–90 |year=1988 |pmid=2906155 |doi= 10.1007/BF00216067|url=}}</ref>
+The treatment of barbiturate abuse or overdose is generally supportive. The amount of support required depends on the person’s symptoms.
+If the patient is drowsy but awake and can swallow and breathe without difficulty, the treatment can be as simple as monitoring the patient closely.
+If the patient is not breathing, it may involve mechanical ventilation until the drug has worn off.
+* Activated charcoal may given via nasogastric tube.
+* Start on Naloxone, Thiamine, Glucose, &amp; IV fluid.
+* NaHCO3 to alkalize the urine
+* Admitted to the hospital or observe in the Emergency Department for a number of hours.
+Advice the patient about drug abuse or Psychiatric consult.
 ==See also==
 *[[Analeptic drugs]]
+==References==
+{{reflist}}
+{{Psychoactive substance use}}
+{{Poisoning and toxicity}}
 [[Category:Barbiturates]]
+[[Category:Overdose]]
+[[Category:Poisoning by drugs, medicaments and biological substances]]
 [[Category:Toxic disorders]]
+{{enWP|Barbiturate poisoning}}


ICD-10	F 13.0, T423
ICD-9	969
OMIM	[1]
DiseasesDB	[2]
MedlinePlus	[3]
eMedicine	article/813155
MeSH	{{{MeshNumber}}}