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{{BioPsy}}
 
{{BioPsy}}
'''Auguste-Henri Forel''' (September 1, 1848 – July 27, 1931) was a [[Swiss]] [[myrmecologist]], [[neuroanatomist]] and [[psychiatrist]], notable for his investigations into the [[brain]] structure of humans and [[ant]]s. For example, he is considered a co-founder of the [[Neuron doctrine|neuron theory]].<ref>'Neuron theory, the cornerstone of neuroscience, on the centenary
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'''Auguste-Henri Forel''' (September 1, 1848 – July 27, 1931) was a Swiss [[myrmecologist]], [[neuroanatomist]] and [[psychiatrist]], notable for his investigations into the [[brain]] structure of humans and [[ant]]s. For example, he is considered a co-founder of the [[Neuron doctrine|neuron theory]].<ref>'Neuron theory, the cornerstone of neuroscience, on the centenary
 
of the Nobel Prize award to Santiago Ram´on y Cajal'
 
of the Nobel Prize award to Santiago Ram´on y Cajal'
 
Francisco L´opez-Mu˜noz, Jes´us Boya, Cecilio Alamoa. ''Brain Research Bulletin'' 70 (2006) doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2006.07.010 391–405</ref> Forel is also known for his early contributions to [[sexology]].<ref>{{cite web
 
Francisco L´opez-Mu˜noz, Jes´us Boya, Cecilio Alamoa. ''Brain Research Bulletin'' 70 (2006) doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2006.07.010 391–405</ref> Forel is also known for his early contributions to [[sexology]].<ref>{{cite web
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|accessdate=2008-02-23}}</ref>
 
|accessdate=2008-02-23}}</ref>
   
From 1978 until 2000 Forel’s image appeared on the 1000 [[Banknotes of the Swiss franc|Swiss franc banknote]].<ref>André Parent: ''[http://www.bium.univ-paris5.fr/chn/textes/parent_forel.pdf Auguste Forel on Ants and Neurology]'' in The Canadian Journal Of Neurological Sciences, Volume 30, No. 3 – August 2003</ref>
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From 1978 until 2000 Forel’s image appeared on the 1000 Swiss franc banknote.<ref>André Parent: ''[http://www.bium.univ-paris5.fr/chn/textes/parent_forel.pdf Auguste Forel on Ants and Neurology]'' in The Canadian Journal Of Neurological Sciences, Volume 30, No. 3 – August 2003</ref>
   
 
==Biography==
 
==Biography==
Born in [[LaGracieuse]], near [[Morges]], [[Switzerland]], Forel had a diverse and mixed career as a thinker on many subjects. He was appointed professor of psychiatry in 1879 at the [[University of Zurich]] Medical School. He not only ran the [[Burghölzli]] asylum there, but continued to publish papers on insanity, prison reform, and social morality. Forel named his home as ''La Fourmilière'' —the Ant Colony.<ref>Sleigh, Charlotte (2007) Six legs better : a cultural history of myrmecology. The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-8445-4</ref> Around 1900 Forel was a eugenicist.<ref>[http://www.toolan.com/hitler/survive.html The Survival of the Fittest, Chapter II]</ref> Forel suffered a [[stroke]] that paralyzed his right side in 1912, but he taught himself to write with his left hand and was able to continue his studies. By 1914 he was a good friend of the eminent [[United Kingdom|British]] [[entomologist]] [[Horace Donisthorpe]], with whom he stayed in [[Switzerland]];<ref>''The Entomologist's Record'', vol XXV, Nos 1-2 (1915)</ref> his ardent [[socialist]] views frequently caused political arguments between the two. After hearing of the religion from his son in law,<ref>{{cite journal | title = Miss Martha Root | journal = Bahá'í News | year = 1929 | month = June | number = 32 | page = p. 8 | url =http://www.teachingandprojects.com/meansandmaterials.htm}}</ref> in 1920 he became a member of the [[Bahá'í Faith]],<ref>{{cite web
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Born in LaGracieuse, near Morges, Switzerland, Forel had a diverse and mixed career as a thinker on many subjects. He was appointed professor of psychiatry in 1879 at the [[University of Zurich]] Medical School. He not only ran the [[Burghölzli]] asylum there, but continued to publish papers on insanity, prison reform, and social morality. Forel named his home as ''La Fourmilière'' —the Ant Colony.<ref>Sleigh, Charlotte (2007) Six legs better : a cultural history of myrmecology. The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-8445-4</ref> Around 1900 Forel was a eugenicist.<ref>[http://www.toolan.com/hitler/survive.html The Survival of the Fittest, Chapter II]</ref> Forel suffered a [[stroke]] that paralyzed his right side in 1912, but he taught himself to write with his left hand and was able to continue his studies. By 1914 he was a good friend of the eminent British [[entomologist]] [[Horace Donisthorpe]], with whom he stayed in Switzerland;<ref>''The Entomologist's Record'', vol XXV, Nos 1-2 (1915)</ref> his ardent [[socialist]] views frequently caused political arguments between the two. After hearing of the religion from his son in law,<ref>{{cite journal | title = Miss Martha Root | journal = Bahá'í News | year = 1929 | month = June | number = 32 | page = p. 8 | url =http://www.teachingandprojects.com/meansandmaterials.htm}}</ref> in 1920 he became a member of the [[Bahá'í Faith]],<ref>{{cite web
 
| coauthors = National Spiritual Assembly of the Baha'is of Switzerland
 
| coauthors = National Spiritual Assembly of the Baha'is of Switzerland
 
| title = Swiss Baha'is Celebrate 100 Years of Contributing to World Civilization
 
| title = Swiss Baha'is Celebrate 100 Years of Contributing to World Civilization
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{{Quote|This is the true religion of human social good, without dogmas or priests, uniting all men on this small terrestrial globe of ours. I have become a Bahá’í. May this religion live and prosper for the good of mankind; this is my most ardent wish|Auguste Forel|<ref>{{cite book |first=Shoghi |last=Effendi |authorlink=Shoghi Effendi |year=1944 |title=God Passes By |publisher=Bahá'í Publishing Trust |location=Wilmette, Illinois, USA |isbn=0-87743-020-9 |url=http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/se/GPB/}}p.375</ref>}}
 
{{Quote|This is the true religion of human social good, without dogmas or priests, uniting all men on this small terrestrial globe of ours. I have become a Bahá’í. May this religion live and prosper for the good of mankind; this is my most ardent wish|Auguste Forel|<ref>{{cite book |first=Shoghi |last=Effendi |authorlink=Shoghi Effendi |year=1944 |title=God Passes By |publisher=Bahá'í Publishing Trust |location=Wilmette, Illinois, USA |isbn=0-87743-020-9 |url=http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/se/GPB/}}p.375</ref>}}
   
In 1921 he received a [[Tablet to Dr. Forel|letter from `Abdu'l-Bahá]] about the differences between the mineral, vegetable, animal and human worlds, the spiritual nature of man and proofs of the existence of [[God in the Bahá'í Faith|God]].<ref>{{cite book |first=John Paul |last=Vader |year=1984 |title=For the Good of Mankind - August Forel and the Bahá'í Faith |publisher=George Ronald |location=Oxford, UK |isbn= 0853981728 |pages=pp. 17-24, 70-80 |url= http://openlibrary.org/b/OL23998532M/For_the_Good_of_Mankind }}</ref><ref>[http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/ab/TAF/taf-1.html ‘Abdu’l-Bahá’s Tablet to Dr. Forel]</ref>
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In 1921 he received a letter from `Abdu'l-Bahá about the differences between the mineral, vegetable, animal and human worlds, the spiritual nature of man and proofs of the existence of [[God in the Bahá'í Faith|God]].<ref>{{cite book |first=John Paul |last=Vader |year=1984 |title=For the Good of Mankind - August Forel and the Bahá'í Faith |publisher=George Ronald |location=Oxford, UK |isbn= 0853981728 |pages=pp. 17-24, 70-80 |url= http://openlibrary.org/b/OL23998532M/For_the_Good_of_Mankind }}</ref><ref>[http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/ab/TAF/taf-1.html ‘Abdu’l-Bahá’s Tablet to Dr. Forel]</ref>
   
He died in [[Yvorne]] at age 82.
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He died in Yvorne at age 82.
   
 
==Scientific work==
 
==Scientific work==

Latest revision as of 09:10, 27 February 2010

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Auguste-Henri Forel (September 1, 1848 – July 27, 1931) was a Swiss myrmecologist, neuroanatomist and psychiatrist, notable for his investigations into the brain structure of humans and ants. For example, he is considered a co-founder of the neuron theory.[1] Forel is also known for his early contributions to sexology.[2]

From 1978 until 2000 Forel’s image appeared on the 1000 Swiss franc banknote.[3]

Biography

Born in LaGracieuse, near Morges, Switzerland, Forel had a diverse and mixed career as a thinker on many subjects. He was appointed professor of psychiatry in 1879 at the University of Zurich Medical School. He not only ran the Burghölzli asylum there, but continued to publish papers on insanity, prison reform, and social morality. Forel named his home as La Fourmilière —the Ant Colony.[4] Around 1900 Forel was a eugenicist.[5] Forel suffered a stroke that paralyzed his right side in 1912, but he taught himself to write with his left hand and was able to continue his studies. By 1914 he was a good friend of the eminent British entomologist Horace Donisthorpe, with whom he stayed in Switzerland;[6] his ardent socialist views frequently caused political arguments between the two. After hearing of the religion from his son in law,[7] in 1920 he became a member of the Bahá'í Faith,[8] abandoning his earlier racist and socialist views saying,

This is the true religion of human social good, without dogmas or priests, uniting all men on this small terrestrial globe of ours. I have become a Bahá’í. May this religion live and prosper for the good of mankind; this is my most ardent wish

Auguste Forel, [9]

In 1921 he received a letter from `Abdu'l-Bahá about the differences between the mineral, vegetable, animal and human worlds, the spiritual nature of man and proofs of the existence of God.[10][11]

He died in Yvorne at age 82.

Scientific work

His myrmecological five-volume magnum opus, Le Monde Social des Fourmis, was published in 1923. Donisthorpe heavily criticises it in the foreword to the 1927 edition of British Ants: their life history and classification, saying of the work:

This, although in many ways a fine work, is somewhat disappointing in that it is not up to date, and that the opportunity has been made for airing the author's socialistic views. I should wish in particular to protest against the ants being employed as a supposed weapon in political controversy. In my opinion an entomological work is not the appropriate means for the introduction of political theories of any kind, still less for their glaring advertisement

Horace Donisthorpe[12]

He first described in 1877 the zona incerta area in the brain. He gave it this name as it a “region of which nothing certain can be said”.[13]

Forel International School is named after him.

Works

Partial List

  • Les Fourmis de la Suisse, Systématique, notices anatomiques et physiologiques, architecture, distribution géographique, nouvelles expériences et observations de moeurs. Bale, Genève, Lyon, H. Georg. (1874).
  • Ameisen aus Sumatra, Java, Malacca und Ceylon. Gesammelt V.Prof. Dr. V. Buttel Reepen in den Jahren, 1911-1912. Zool. Jahrd.Jena Abt. F.Syst. 36: 1-148.(1913).
  • Fourmis de Rhodesia, etc. recoltees par M. Arnold, le Dr. H. Brauns et K. Fikendey. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique. 57: 108-147.(1913).
  • Le monde social des fourmis du globe comparé à celui de l’homme.Genève, Kundig, 1921-1923, 5 volumes (1921-1923).

References

  1. 'Neuron theory, the cornerstone of neuroscience, on the centenary of the Nobel Prize award to Santiago Ram´on y Cajal' Francisco L´opez-Mu˜noz, Jes´us Boya, Cecilio Alamoa. Brain Research Bulletin 70 (2006) doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2006.07.010 391–405
  2. Auguste Forel - The First Swiss Sexologist. URL accessed on 2008-02-23.
  3. André Parent: Auguste Forel on Ants and Neurology in The Canadian Journal Of Neurological Sciences, Volume 30, No. 3 – August 2003
  4. Sleigh, Charlotte (2007) Six legs better : a cultural history of myrmecology. The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-8445-4
  5. The Survival of the Fittest, Chapter II
  6. The Entomologist's Record, vol XXV, Nos 1-2 (1915)
  7. (June 1929). Miss Martha Root. Bahá'í News.
  8. (2003). Swiss Baha'is Celebrate 100 Years of Contributing to World Civilization. Baha'i Switzerland. National Spiritual Assembly of the Baha'is of Switzerland. URL accessed on 2008-05-24.
  9. Effendi, Shoghi (1944). God Passes By, Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Bahá'í Publishing Trust.p.375
  10. Vader, John Paul (1984). For the Good of Mankind - August Forel and the Bahá'í Faith, pp. 17-24, 70-80, Oxford, UK: George Ronald.
  11. ‘Abdu’l-Bahá’s Tablet to Dr. Forel
  12. British Ants: their life history and classification, 2nd Edition (1927)
  13. Template:Cite DOI
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