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Suicide Clinical aspects Assessment of suicide risk Intervention | Prevention Crisis hotline | Suicide watch Suicide and mental health Related phenomena Parasuicide | Self-harm Suicidal ideation | Suicide note Types of suicide Suicide by method Assisted suicide | Copycat suicide Cult suicide | Euthanasia Forced suicide| Internet suicide Mass suicide | Murder-suicide Ritual suicide | Suicide attack Suicide pact | Teenage suicide Jail suicide | Copycat suicide Views on suicide History of suicide Medical | Cultural Legal | Philosophical Religious | Right to die edit this box

A suicidal act that does not end in death is commonly called a "suicide attempt" or a "suicidal gesture." In the technical literature people prefer the use of the neologism parasuicide, or describe such acts as "deliberate self-harm" (DSH) – both of these terms avoid the question of the intent of the action. Those who attempt DSH are, as a group, quite different from those who actually die from suicide. DSH is far more common, and the majority are amongst females aged under 35. They are rarely physically ill and while psychological factors are highly significant, they are rarely clinically ill and severe clinical depression is uncommon. Social issues are key — DSH is most common among those living in overcrowded conditions, in conflict with their families, with disrupted childhoods and history of drinking, criminal behavior and violence. Individuals under these stresses become anxious and depressed and then, usually in reaction to a single particular crisis, they attempt to harm themselves. The motivation may be a desire for relief from emotional pain or to communicate feelings, although the motivation will often be complex and confused. DSH may also result from an inner conflict between the desire to end life and to continue living.

Contents 1 Epidemiology 2 References 3 See also 4 References & Bibliography 5 Key texts 5.1 Books 5.2 Papers 6 Additional material 6.1 Books 6.2 Papers 7 External links

[edit] Epidemiology

Nearly half of all suicides are preceded by an attempt at suicide that does not end in death. Those with a history of such attempts are significantly more likely eventually to end their own lives than those without.^[1]

A suicidal act that did not end in death is commonly called a "suicide attempt" or a "suicidal gesture". In the technical literature people prefer the use of the neologism parasuicide, or describe such acts^{[dubious — see talk page]} as "deliberate self-harm" (DSH); both of these terms avoid the question of the intent of the action. Those who attempt to harm themselves are, as a group, quite different from those who actually die from suicide. Self-harm is far more common, and the majority are amongst females aged under 35, though it occurs in men and women of all ages. Although they are rarely physically ill, they are considered psychiatrically unstable. ^{[citation needed]}

Social issues are key—DSH is most common among those living in conflict with their families, with disrupted childhoods and a history of drinking, criminal behavior, violence, and abuse are associated with DSH, though this is not always the case for a majority of those that DSH. Individuals under these stresses become anxious and depressed and then, usually in reaction to crisis, be it considered small or huge to others, they attempt to harm themselves. The motivation may be a desire for relief from emotional pain or to communicate feelings, although the motivation will often be complex and confused. Self-harm may also result from an inner conflict between the desire to end life and to continue living.

[edit] References

1. ↑ Shaffer, D.J. (September 1988). The Epidemiology of Teen Suicide: An Examination of Risk Factors. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 49 (supp.): 36–41. PMID 3047106.

[edit] See also

• Suicide behaviour
• Multiple suicide attempters

[edit] References & Bibliography

[edit] Key texts

[edit] Books

[edit] Papers

Hirsch SR, Walsh C, Draper R. Parasuicide: a review of treatment interventions. J Affect Disord 1982;4:299–311.

[edit] Additional material

[edit] Books

[edit] Papers

• Google Scholar

[edit] External links

This page uses content from the English-language version of Wikipedia. The original article was at Parasuicide. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Psychology Wiki, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU Free Documentation License.