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angiotensin II receptor, type 1
Symbol(s):	AGTR1 AGTR1B
Locus:	3 q21 -q25
EC number	[1]
EntrezGene	185
OMIM	106165
RefSeq	NM_000685
UniProt	P30556

angiotensin II receptor, type 2
Symbol(s):	AGTR2
Locus:	X q22 -q23
EC number	[2]
EntrezGene	186
OMIM	300034
RefSeq	NM_000686
UniProt	P50052

The angiotensin receptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors with angiotensins as ligands.^[1] They are important in the renin-angiotensin system: they are responsible for the signal transduction of the main effector hormone.^[2]

Contents 1 Structure 2 Members 2.1 Overview table 2.2 AT1 2.2.1 Mechanism 2.2.2 Effects 2.3 AT2 2.4 AT3 and AT4 3 See also 4 References 5 External links

StructureEdit

The AT₁ and AT₂ receptors share a sequence identity of ~30%, but have a similar affinity for angiotensin II, which is their main ligand.

MembersEdit

Overview tableEdit

Receptor	Mechanism [3]
AT1	Gq/11 Gi/o
AT2	Gi2 / 3
AT3
AT4

AT₁Edit

Main article: Angiotensin II receptor type 1

The AT₁ receptor is the best elucidated angiotensin receptor.

MechanismEdit

The angiotensin receptor is activated by the vasoconstricting peptide angiotensin II. The activated receptor in turn couples to G_i/o and thus activates phospholipase C and increases the cytosolic Ca²⁺ concentrations, which in turn triggers cellular responses such as stimulation of protein kinase C. Activated receptor also inhibits adenylate cyclase and activates various tyrosine kinases.^[2]

EffectsEdit

Effects mediated by the AT₁ receptor include vasoconstriction, aldosterone synthesis and secretion, increased vasopressin secretion, cardiac hypertrophy, augmentation of peripheral noradrenergic activity, vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation, decreased renal blood flow, renal renin inhibition, renal tubular sodium reuptake, modulation of central sympathetic nervous system activity, cardiac contractility, central osmocontrol and extracellular matrix formation.^[4]

AT₂Edit

AT₂ receptors are more plentiful in the fetus and neonate. Effects mediated by the AT₂ receptor include inhibition of cell growth, fetal tissue development, modulation of extracellular matrix, neuronal regeneration, apoptosis, cellular differentiation and maybe vasodilation.

AT₃ and AT₄Edit

Other poorly characterized subtypes include the AT₃ and AT₄ receptors. The AT₄ receptor is activated by the angiotensin II metabolite angiotensin IV, and may play a role in regulation of the CNS extracellular matrix.

See alsoEdit

• Angiotensin II receptor antagonist

ReferencesEdit

External linksEdit

• IUPHAR GPCR Database - Angiotensin Receptors
• MeSH Receptors,+Angiotensin

v·d·e Neuropeptide receptors
Hypothalamic hormone receptors	CRH - FSH - LHRH - TRH - Somatostatin
Pituitary hormone receptors	Vasopressin (1A, 1B, 2) - Oxytocin - LHCG - Type I cytokine receptor (GH, Prolactin) - TSH
Other hormone receptors	Atrial natriuretic factor - Calcitonin - Cholecystokinin - VIP
Opioid receptors	Delta - Kappa - Mu - Sigma (1, 2) - Nociceptin
Other neuropeptide receptors	Angiotensin - Bradykinin/Tachykinin (TACR1) - Calcitonin gene-related peptide - Galanin - GPCR neuropeptide (B/W, FF, S, Y) - Neurotensin

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