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  • Agoraphobia: Biological perspective
  • Agoraphobia: Evolutionary-neurodevelopmental perspective
  • Agoraphobia: Psychodynamic perspective
  • Agoraphobia: Cognitive perspective
  • Agoraphobia: Interpersonal perspective


Alternative academic theories

Attachment theory and agoraphobia

Some scholars (e.g., Liotti 1996 [1], Bowlby 1998 [2]) have explained agoraphobia as an attachment deficit, i.e., the temporary loss of the ability to tolerate spatial separations from a secure base.

Spatial theory and agoraphobia

In the social sciences there is a perceived clinical bias (e.g., Davidson 2003 [3]) in agoraphobia research. Branches of the social sciences, especially geography, have increasingly become interested in what may be thought of as a spatial phenomenon.

  1. G. Liotti, (1996). Insecure attachment and agoraphobia, in: C. Murray-Parkes, J. Stevenson-Hinde, & P. Marris (Eds.). Attachment Across the Life Cycle.
  2. J. Bowlby, (1998). Attachment and Loss (Vol. 2: Separation).
  3. J. Davidson, (2003). Phobic Geographies
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