No edit summary |
m (Reverted edits by 199.119.29.66 (talk | block) to last version by Dr Joe Kiff) |
||
| (9 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| − | {{ |
+ | {{PersonPsy}} |
| + | '''Aggressiveness''' is a [[personality trait]], the inclination to act with [[aggressive behaviour]]. |
||
| − | {{Expert}} |
||
| + | ----- |
||
| − | [[Image:Drill sergeant screams.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Aggression is sometimes used to intimidate and coerce during extremely rigorous physical training. Here a [[drill instructor]] screams at [[soldier]]s during an exercise.]] |
||
| − | '''Aggression''' is a very general term covering a wide range of behaviours that involve |
||
| − | *The practice or habit of launching attacks. |
||
| − | *Hostile or destructive behavior or actions. |
||
| − | |||
| − | In [[psychology]], '''aggression''' encompasses many different types of behaviour, some of which are not clearly related to each other. Consequently, aggression has been a difficult term to provide one concise definition for. |
||
| − | |||
| − | Moyer (1968) presented an early, and highly influential, classification of seven different forms of aggression. |
||
| − | |||
| − | #[[Predatory aggression]]: attack on prey by a predator. |
||
| − | #[[Inter-male aggression]]: competition between males of the same species over access to females, [[dominance]], status etc. [[Inter-female aggression]] also occurs |
||
| − | #[[Fear-induced aggression]]: aggression associated with attempts to flee from a threat |
||
| − | #[[Irritable aggression]]: aggression directed towards an available target induced by some sort of [[frustration]] (e.g. [[schedule-induced aggression]]) |
||
| − | #[[Territorial aggression]]: defence of a fixed space against intruders, typically conspecifics. |
||
| − | #[[Maternal aggression]]: a female's aggression to protect her offspring from a threat. [[Paternal aggression]] also exists. |
||
| − | #[[Instrumental aggression]]: aggression directed towards obtaining some [[Objective|goal]], maybe a learned response to a situation |
||
| − | |||
| − | Other types of aggression identified include: |
||
| − | |||
| − | *[[Alternate aggression]] |
||
| − | *[[Altruistic aggression]] |
||
| − | *[[Anticipatory aggression]] |
||
| − | *[[Displaced aggression]] |
||
| − | *[[Indirect aggression]] |
||
| − | *[[Induced aggression]] |
||
| − | *[[Passive-aggressive behavior|Passive-aggression]] |
||
| − | *[[Relational aggression]] |
||
| − | *[[Weaning aggression]] |
||
| − | |||
| − | ==Identification of aggressive behaviour== |
||
| − | Not all aggression is direct or readily identifiable. Some aggression may occur in the context of what appear to be a [[friendship]]. Such [[Relational aggression]] may involve [[domination]], even [[sadism]] as the more powerful friend torments the weaker through threats of exclusion. [[Indirect aggression]] or [[passive-aggression]] involves such actions as spreading [[rumor]]s about others, even [[lie]]s; as may [[social aggression]] which attacks [[self esteem]] or [[social status]]. |
||
| − | |||
| − | ==Theories of Aggression== |
||
| − | |||
| − | ===Biological basis of aggressive behaviour=== |
||
| − | |||
| − | Exposure to elevated [[androgen]] concentrations in the womb has been link to increased aggressiveness in adulthood in both lab mice (vom Saal & Bronson, 1980; Ryan & Vandenbergh, 2002) and humans (Reinisch, 1977; Reinisch, 1981; Berenbaum & Reinisch, 1997). |
||
| − | |||
| − | Enhanced levels of aggression in male mice and monkeys have been associated with the hormone monoamine oxidase A, [[MAO-A]]. However, studies in macaque and humans showed that its negative effects can usually be mitigated by parenting. |
||
| − | |||
| − | *[[Biological basis of aggression]] |
||
| − | *[[Neurochemistry of aggression]] |
||
| − | *[[Psychoneurology of aggression]] |
||
| − | *[[Genetics and aggression]] |
||
| − | *[[Evolution and aggression in man]] |
||
| − | |||
| − | ==Aggression as instinct== |
||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | ==Externally-stimulated aggression== |
||
| − | |||
| − | ==Aggression and motivation== |
||
| − | Aggression is one of the most important and most controversial kinds of [[motivation]]. Its use as a category in the [[psychology]] of motivation has often been criticised, because it is clear that it encompasses a vast range of phenomena, from modern war to squabbles between individuals. It is far from clear that these have anything in common other than the risk that someone gets hurt. |
||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | ===Aggression and anxiety=== |
||
| − | |||
| − | *[[Aggression and anxiety]] |
||
| − | |||
| − | ===Aggression and fear=== |
||
| − | |||
| − | *[[Aggression and fear]] |
||
| − | |||
| − | ===Aggression and frustration=== |
||
| − | *[[Frustration and aggression]] |
||
| − | *[[Frustration-aggression hypothesis]] |
||
| − | *[[Relative Deprivation Theory of aggression]] |
||
| − | *[[Cue-arousal Theory of aggression]] |
||
| − | |||
| − | ===Aggression and pain=== |
||
| − | |||
| − | *[[Aggression and pain]] |
||
| − | |||
| − | ===Aggression and arousal=== |
||
| − | |||
| − | *[[Excitation-transfer Theory of aggression]] |
||
| − | |||
| − | ===Cognitive behavioural theory of aggression=== |
||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | ===Psychodynamic theories of aggression== |
||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | ===Social psychology theories of aggression=== |
||
| − | |||
| − | *[[Aggression and groups]] |
||
| − | *[[Aggression and deindividuation]] |
||
| − | *[[Social Learning Theory of aggression]] |
||
| − | *[[Aggression and television]] |
||
| − | *[[Media violence research]] |
||
| − | |||
| − | ==Aggression and environmental factors== |
||
| − | A number of environmental variables have been shown to be linked with increased aggression: |
||
| − | *[[Aggression and economic conditions]] |
||
| − | *[[Aggression and over-crowding]] |
||
| − | *[[Aggression and heat]] |
||
| − | *[[Aggression and noise]] |
||
| − | |||
| − | ===Gender and aggression=== |
||
| − | |||
| − | *[[Gender and aggression]] |
||
| − | *[[Aggression in women]] |
||
| − | *[[Maternal aggression]] |
||
| − | |||
| − | ==Aggression and child development== |
||
| − | *[[Prenatal variables and later aggression]] |
||
| − | *[[Aggression in children]] |
||
| − | |||
| − | ==Aggression and personality== |
||
| − | The tendency to act aggressively has been researched in terms of personality variables |
||
| − | |||
| − | *[[Aggression and personality]] |
||
| − | |||
| − | ==Aggression and clinical psychology== |
||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | ==Aggression in education== |
||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | ==Aggression in the workplace== |
||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | ==Aggression in animals== |
||
| − | |||
| − | {{Main|Aggression in animals}} |
||
| − | |||
==See also== |
==See also== |
||
| − | * |
+ | *[[Genetics of aggression]] |
| − | * [[Bullying]] |
||
| − | * [[Conflict theory]] |
||
| − | * [[Hostility]] |
||
| − | * [[Killology]] |
||
| − | * [[Konrad Lorenz]] |
||
| − | * Male-male aggression, as component of [[sexual selection]] |
||
| − | * [[Resource holding potential]] |
||
| − | * [[Testosterone poisoning]] |
||
| − | * [[Violence]] |
||
==References & Bibliography== |
==References & Bibliography== |
||
| + | <References/> |
||
==Key texts== |
==Key texts== |
||
===Books=== |
===Books=== |
||
| − | *Brain, (1981). Multidisciplinary Approaches to Aggression Research , Brain & Benton (Eds), Elsevier/North Holland, Amsterdam, . |
||
| − | *Berkowitz. L. (1993b) Aggression: Its Causes, Consequences, and Control. New York: McGrawHill. |
||
| − | *[[Dollard,J.]], Doob, Leonard.W., [[Miller,N.E.]], [[Mowrer,O.H.]], and Sears, Robert R. Frustration and Aggression. New Haven:Yale University Press, 1939. |
||
| − | *Campbell, Anne. Men, Women and Aggression. New York: Basic Books, 1993, p. 8. |
||
| − | *[[Lorenz, K.]] (1966) [[On Aggression]].(Marjorie Kerr Wilson, Trans.) New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc., |
||
| − | *Kania, J. (1988) Aggression: Conflict in Animals and Humans Reconsidered. London: Longman. |
||
| − | *Nemeroff, The Biology and Mechanism of Aggression |
||
| − | *Zillman, D. (1979) Hostility and Aggression, Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum. |
||
===Papers=== |
===Papers=== |
||
| − | *Anderson, C.A. and Bushman. B. 1. (1997) External validity of 'trivial' experiments: The case of laboratory aggression, [[Review of General Psychology]], 1, 19-41. |
||
| − | *Anderson, C.A. and Bushman, R. ]. (2002) Human aggression, [[Annual Review of Psychology]] 119, 53,27-51. |
||
| − | *Berkowitz, L. (1990) On the formation and regulation of anger and aggression: a cog nitive neoassociationistic analysis, [[American Psychologist]], 45, 494-503. |
||
| − | *Berkowitz. L. (1993a) Pain and aggression: Some findings and implications. [[Motivation and Emotion]], 17.277-93. |
||
| − | *Lore, R. and Schultz. L. A. (1993) Control of human aggression: a comparative perspective, American Psychologist, 48. 16-25. |
||
| − | *Moyer, KE. 1968. Kinds of aggression and their physiological basis. [Communications in Behavioral Biology]] 2A:65-87. |
||
==Additional material== |
==Additional material== |
||
===Books=== |
===Books=== |
||
| − | |||
===Papers=== |
===Papers=== |
||
| − | *[http://scholar.google.com/scholar?sourceid=mozclient&num=50&scoring=d&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&q= |
+ | *[http://scholar.google.com/scholar?sourceid=mozclient&num=50&scoring=d&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&q=Aggressiveness Google Scholar] |
| − | *Baron, R. A. (1983) The control of human aggression: an optimistic perspective, [[Journal of Social and Clinical]] 1. 97-119. |
||
| ⚫ | |||
| − | *Berkowitz. L. (1998) Aggressive personalities, in D. F. Barone. M. Hersen mid V.B. Van Hasselt (eds) Advanced Personality. New York: Plenum Press. |
||
| − | *Bushman, B. J., Baumeister, R. F. and Stack, A. D. (1999) Catharsis. aggression. and persuasive influence: self-fulfilling or self-defeating prophecies? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76. 367-76. |
||
| − | *Hovland, C.I. and Sears, R. (1940) Minor studies in aggression, VI Correlation of lynchings with economic indices, Journal of Psychology 9: 301-10. |
||
| − | |||
| − | *Prentice-Dunn, S, and Rogers, R.W. (1982) Effects of public and private self-awareness on deindividuation and aggression, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 43: 503-13. |
||
| − | |||
| − | * Tedeschi, J., & Quigley, B. (1996). Limitations of laboratory paradigms for studying aggression. Aggression & Violent Behavior, 2, 163-177. |
||
| − | |||
| − | * Berkowitz, L. (1965). Some aspects of observed aggression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2, 359-369. |
||
| − | |||
| − | *Salinger, K. (1995) A behavior-analytic view of anger and aggression, in H. Kassinove (ed.) Anger Disorders: Definition, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Philadelphia, PA: Taylor & Francis. |
||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | [[Instructions_for_archiving_academic_and_professional_materials]] |
||
| − | |||
| − | ''' Aggression: Academic support materials''' |
||
| − | *[[Aggression: Lecture slides]] |
||
| − | *[[Aggression: Lecture notes]] |
||
| − | *[[Aggression: Lecture handouts]] |
||
| − | *[[Aggression: Multimedia materials]] |
||
| − | *[[Aggression: Other academic support materials]] |
||
| − | *[[Aggression: Anonymous fictional case studies for training]] |
||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| − | *[[http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro99/web3/Smith.html Theories of Aggression]] |
||
| − | *[[http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro01/web1/Iskander.html Can the Source of Aggression be found in the Brain?]] |
||
| − | *[[http://www.sciencefriday.com/pages/1995/Oct/hour2_100695.html One hour radio broadcat discussing aspects of aggression]] |
||
| − | [[Category:Aggression |
+ | [[Category:Aggression]] |
| − | [[Category: |
+ | [[Category:Aggressiveness]] |
| − | [[Category: |
+ | [[Category:Personality traits]] |
| − | [[Category:Social psychology]] |
||
| + | {{Psych-stub}} |
||
| − | [[cs:Agrese]] |
||
| − | [[de:Aggression]] |
||
| − | [[es:Agresión]] |
||
| − | [[hu:Agresszió]] |
||
| − | [[nl:Agressie]] |
||
| − | [[ja:侵略]] |
||
| − | [[pl:Agresja (psychologia)]] |
||
| − | [[fi:Aggressio]] |
||
| − | [[tl:Paghandulong]] |
||
| − | [[uk:Агресія]] |
||
| − | [[lt:agresija]] |
||
| − | {{enWP|Aggression}} |
||
Latest revision as of 07:55, 1 October 2013
Assessment |
Biopsychology |
Comparative |
Cognitive |
Developmental |
Language |
Individual differences |
Personality |
Philosophy |
Social |
Methods |
Statistics |
Clinical |
Educational |
Industrial |
Professional items |
World psychology |
Personality: Self concept · Personality testing · Theories · Mind-body problem
Aggressiveness is a personality trait, the inclination to act with aggressive behaviour.
See also
References & Bibliography
Key texts
Books
Papers
Additional material
Books
Papers
External links
 This psychology-related article is a stub. You can help the Psychology Wiki by expanding it. |