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Biological: Behavioural genetics · Evolutionary psychology · Neuroanatomy · Neurochemistry · Neuroendocrinology · Psychoneuroimmunology · Physiological Psychology · Psychopharmacology
| Adrenochrome | |
|---|---|
| Adrenochrome | |
| General | |
| Systematic name | ? |
| Other names | ? |
| Molecular formula | ? |
| SMILES | ? |
| Molar mass | ?.?? g/mol |
| Appearance | ? |
| CAS number | [?-?-?] |
| Properties | |
| Density and phase | ? g/cm³, ? |
| Solubility in water | ? g/100 ml (?°C) |
| Melting point | ?°C (? K) |
| Boiling point | ?°C (? K) |
| Acidity (pKa) | ? |
| Basicity (pKb) | ? |
| Chiral rotation [α]D | ?° |
| Viscosity | ? cP at ?°C |
| Structure | |
| Molecular shape | ? |
| Coordination geometry | ? |
| Crystal structure | ? |
| Dipole moment | ? D |
| Hazards | |
| MSDS | External MSDS |
| Main hazards | ? |
| NFPA 704 | |
| Flash point | ?°C |
| R/S statement | R: ? S: ? |
| RTECS number | ? |
| Supplementary data page | |
| Structure and properties | n, εr, etc. |
| Thermodynamic data | Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas |
| Spectral data | UV, IR, NMR, MS |
| Related compounds | |
| Other anions | ? |
| Other cations | ? |
| Related ? | ? |
| Related compounds | ? |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references | |
Adrenochrome, chemical formula C9H9NO3, is a pigment obtained by the oxidation of adrenaline (epinephrine). The derivative carbazochrome is a hemostatic medication.
Contents |
Chemistry
Edit
Adrenochrome is synthesized in vivo by the oxidation of epinephrine. In vitro, silver oxide (Ag2O) is used as an oxidizing agent.[1] Its presence is detected in solution by a pink color, and turns brown upon polymerization.
LawEdit
Adrenochrome is uncontrolled in the United States. This means it is generally considered legal to buy, possess, and distribute (sell, trade or give). If sold as a supplement, sales must conform to U.S. supplement laws. If sold for consumption as a food or drug, sales are regulated by the FDA.
PsychoactivityEdit
Megavitamin therapy advocates Abram Hoffer and Humphry Osmond claimed that adrenochrome is a hallucinogenic substance and may be responsible for schizophrenia[2] and other mental illnesses. In what they called the "adrenochrome hypothesis", they speculated that megadoses of vitamin C and niacin could cure schizophrenia by reducing brain adrenochrome.[3] There has been controversy about whether adrenochrome can be classified as a psychotropic drug.[4]
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ MacCarthy, Chim, Ind. Paris 55,435(1946)
- ↑ Hoffer, A The Adrenochrome Hypothesis and Psychiatry. URL accessed on 2011-07-25.
- ↑ Hoffer, A. and Osmond, H. The Hallucinogens (Academic Press, 1967).
- ↑ Erowid Adrenochrome Vault
External linksEdit
- Adrenochrome Commentary at erowid.org
- Adrenochrome deposits resulting from the use of epinephrine-containing eye drops used to treat glaucoma from the Iowa Eye Atlas (searched for diagnosis = adrenochrome)
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