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Activities of daily living (ADLs), is a way to describe the functional status of a person. It is a tool in the biopsychosocial model of medicine, and is useful for assessing the self care skills of theelderly, the mentally ill, those with chronic diseases, and others.

This is seen to include a number of components, though these are not strict rules.

Contents 1 Basic ADL 2 Mobility 3 Instrumental ADL 4 See also 5 References

[edit] Basic ADL

Occupational therapists typically look at 11 categories of ADLs. These are the activities that are fundamental for self care. ^[1]

• Bathing/Showering
• Bowel and bladder management
• Dressing
• Eating
• Feeding
• Functional mobility
• Personal device care - Includes items like hearing aids, glasses, prosthetics, adaptive equipment, etc.
• Personal hygiene and grooming
• Sexual activity
• Sleep/Rest
• Toilet Hygiene

Many of the above are consider to be a given. Physicians, nurses and occupational therapists are typically interested in the ability to: dress, eat, ambulate (walk), do toileting and take care of their own hygiene. These five tasks can be remembered with the mnemonic DEATH: dressing, eating, ambulating, toileting, hygiene.^[2]

[edit] Mobility

Refers to a person's ability to move around, including: walking (independently or with the assistance of another person or a piece of equipment, such as a cane, walker), wheeling a wheelchair, being able to get in and out of their bed, bathtub, vehicle, etc

[edit] Instrumental ADL

This includes activities not necessary for fundamental functioning, but still very useful in a community. Cooking, shopping, housework and transport are in this category.

Occupational therapists also look at IADLs when completing assessments. They include 11 areas of IADLs that are generally optional in nature, and can be delegated to others. These areas are:^[1]

• Care of others (including selecting and supervising caregivers)
• Care of pets
• Child rearing
• Communication device use
• Community mobility
• Financial management
• Health management and maintenance
• Meal preparation and cleanup
• Safety procedures and emergency responses
• Shopping

There are systems (such as the Katz ADL scale) that seek to quantify these functions and obtain a numerical value. These systems are useful for the prioritising of care and resources.

Generally though, these should be seen as rough guidelines for the assessment of a patient's ability to care for themselves.

A simple assessment of the IADLs is frequently done by asking about the ability to do shopping, housekeeping, personal finances, food preparation, and get around (e.g. driving). These tasks can be remembered with the mnemonic SHAFT: shopping, housekeeping, accounting, food preparation, transportation.^[2]

[edit] See also

• Ability level
• Activity level
• Care of residents
• Daily activities
• Geriatric assessment
• Habilitation
• Hygiene
• Independent living programs
• Long-term care
• Nursing home
• Physical mobility
• Rehabilitation
• Roper Logan and Tierney
• Self care skills

[edit] References

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1} [No authors listed] Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: domain and process. Am J Occup Ther. 2002 Nov-Dec;56(6):609-39. PMID 12458855. Erratum in: Am J Occup Ther. 2003 Jan-Feb;57(1):115.
2. ↑ ^{2.0 2.1} Onn ILY, Jin PCW. Assessment of the Elderly Patient. The Singapore Family Physician. 25(2). 1999. Available at: http://www.cfps.org.sg/sfp/25/252/articles/e252008.html. Accessed on: April 22, 2006.

de:Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens]]

ja:日常生活動作]]

This page uses content from the English-language version of Wikipedia. The original article was at Activities of daily living. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Psychology Wiki, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU Free Documentation License.