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Acetylation (or in IUPAC nomenclature ethanoylation) describes a reaction that introduces an acetyl functional group into an organic compound. Deacetylation is the removal of the acetyl group.

Moreover, it is that process of introducing an acetyl group into a compound, specifically, the substitution of an acetyl group for an active hydrogen atom. A reaction involving the replacement of the hydrogen atom of a hydroxyl group with an acetyl group (CH₃ CO) yields a specific ester, the acetate. Acetic anhydride is commonly used as an acetylating agent reacting with free hydroxyl groups.

Contents 1 Acetylation of proteins 1.1 Histone Acetylation and Deacetylation 1.2 Tubulin Acetylation and Deacetylation 2 See also

[edit] Acetylation of proteins

In biology, i.e. in living cells, acetylation occurs as a post-translational modification of proteins, for example, histones and tubulins.

[edit] Histone Acetylation and Deacetylation

In histone acetylation and deacetylation, the histones are acetylated and deacetylated on lysine residues in the N-terminal tail as part of gene regulation.

Typically, these reactions are catalyzed by enzymes with "histone acetyltransferase" (HAt) or "histone deacetylase" (HDAc) activity.

[edit] Tubulin Acetylation and Deacetylation

Tubulin Acetylation and Deacetylation system is well worked out in Chlamydomonas. A Tubulin acetyltransferase located in the axoneme acetylates a specific lysine residue in the α-tubulin subunit in assembled microtubule. Once disassembled, this acetylation can be removed by another specific deacetylase which is cytosolic. Thus the axonemal microtubules (long half life) carry this signature acetylation absent from cytosolic microtubules (short half life).

[edit] See also

• Acylation
• Organic synthesis

1. REDIRECT Template:Protein primary structure

it:Acetilazione

pl:Acetylowanie

This page uses content from the English-language version of Wikipedia. The original article was at Acetylation. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Psychology Wiki, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU Free Documentation License.