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Gait abnormality ais a movement disorder which typically results from disorders of the nervous and musculoskeletal systems. Persons suffering from peripheral neuropathy experience numbness and tingling in their hands and feet. This can cause ambulation impairment, trouble in climbing stairs and maintaining balance. Gait abnormality is also common in persons with nervous system affections such as Multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Myasthenia gravis among others. Orthopedic corrective treatments may also manifest into gait abnormality, such as lower extremity amputation, post-fracture, and arthroplasty (joint replacement). Difficulty in ambulation that results from chemotherapy is generally temporary in nature, though recovery times of six months to a year are common. Likewise, difficulty in walking due to arthritis, joint pains (antalgic gait) sometimes resolve spontaneously once the pain is gone.^[1][2].

Specific abnormalities and examples of causesEdit

Antalgic gaitEdit

User favors certain motions to avoid acute pain. ^[3]

• Trauma
• Osteoarthritis
• Pelvic girdle pain

Drunken gait/Cerebellar ataxiaEdit

Reeling in a style like that of an intoxicated person. ^[4]

• Ataxia
• Cerebellar lesions
• Cerebellar degeneration
• Intoxications

Festinating gait/Parkinsonian gaitEdit

Patient moves with short, jerky steps. Term derives from Latin "festino", or "to hurry". ^{[5] [6][7]}

• Parkinson's disease

Gluteal GaitEdit

Marche a petit pasEdit

Magnetic gaitEdit

Myopathic gaitEdit

Pigeon gaitEdit

Torsional abnormalities. ^[8]

• Hip dysplasia

Propulsive gaitEdit

Stiff, with head and neck bent. ^[9]

• Carbon monoxide poisoning
• Parkinson's disease

Scissor gaitEdit

Legs flexed slightly at the hips and knees, giving the appearance of crouching, with the knees and thighs hitting or crossing in a scissors-like movement. Often mixed with or accompanied by spastic gait, a stiff, foot-dragging walk caused by one-sided, long-term muscle contraction. Most common in patients with spastic cerebral palsy, usually diplegic and paraplegic varieties. The individual is forced to walk on tiptoe unless the dorsiflexor muscles are released by an orthaepedic surgical procedure. Muscle contractures of the adductors result in thighs and knees rubbing together and crossing in a manner analogous to scissors.

These features are typical, and usually result in some form and to some degree regardless of the mildness or severity of the spastic CP condition.

• rigidity and excessive adduction of the leg in swing
• plantar flexion of the ankle
• flexion at the knee
• adduction and internal rotation at the hip
• contractures of all spastic muscles
• complicated assisting movements of the upper limbs when walking ^[10].^[11]

Spastic gaitEdit

Steppage gait/High stepping gaitEdit

Toes point down. ^[12][13][14]

• Polio
• Multiple sclerosis
• Guillian-Barre
• Disk herniation
• Peroneal Muscle Atropy
• peroneal Nerve Injury

Stomping gaitEdit

Trendelenburg gaitEdit

See alsoEdit

• Spastic diplegia
• Pernicious anemia
• Spastic paraplegia

Sensory ataxia gait/Stomping gaitEdit

Uncoordinated walking ^{[15][16][17][18]}

• Friedreich's ataxia
• Pernicious anemia
  
• Tabes Dorsalis (Syphilis)

Spastic gaitEdit

Asymmetric foot dragging. ^[19][20]

• Brain tumor
• Sturge-Weber syndrome
• Cerebral palsy

Trendelenburg gaitEdit

• weakness of the abductor muscles of the lower limb, principally gluteus medius

Waddling/Myopathic gaitEdit

Walking like a duck. ^[21][22]

• Pregnancy

Magnetic gaitEdit

Feet seem attached to floor as if by a magnet. In magnetic gait, each step is initiated in a "wresting" motion carrying feet upward and forward. Magnetic gait can be visualized in terms of a powerful magnet being forcefully pulled from a steel plate.

• Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)

See alsoEdit

• Ataxia
• Foot drop
• Gait Abnormality Rating Scale
• Limp
• Sensory ataxia

External linksEdit

• Gait Abnormality Coding Checklist by Jun Mapili, PT, MAEd
• Children's Hospital Boston
• Classification
• Case Study
• Utah

ReferencesEdit