Abduction may refer to:

• Kidnapping, as a near synonym in criminal law, but sometimes used particularly in cases involving a woman or child
• Abduction (physiology), a type of movement involving a change in organ or limb position
• Abductive reasoning, a method of reasoning in logic
• Child abduction, the abduction or kidnapping of a young child (or baby) by an older person
• Abduction phenomenon ("alien abduction"), an umbrella term used to describe a number of hypotheses, claims or assertions stating that extraterrestrial creatures kidnap individuals