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Professional Psychology: Debating Chamber · Psychology Journals · Psychologists
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
11.1 Attitudes
11.1.1 Function and Measurement
Structure and function of attitudes Cognitive, affective and behavioural components of attitudes. Functional approach: adaptive, knowledge, ego-expressive functions. Measuring attitudes Likert ccales, semantic differential and projective techniques for measuring attitudes.
11.1.2 Attitudes and behaviour The relationship between attitudes and behaviour. Attitude change Principle of consistency within attitudes. Cognitive dissonance and other explanations of attitude change, including factors in persuasive communication and dual-process models of persuasion.
Prejudice and discrimination Explanations of prejudice, including Social Identity Theory, the authoritarian personality and competition for resources. The role of stereotypes. Prejudice between cultures.
11.2 Social Influence 11.2.1 Conformity Majority and minority influence
Group norms and group pressure. Types of conformity, including normative, informational, ingratiational and compliance. Factors affecting conformity, including those investigated by Asch. Factors affecting the influence of a minority on majority views.
11.2.2 Obedience to authority Social influence of authority Conditions affecting obedience to authority as investigated by Milgram. Explanations of obedience and defiance of authority. Studies of compliance with a request, including Bickman
Social Cognition
- Factors influencing impression formation, including social schemas,
primacy and recency effects and stereotyping. Cultural differences in perception of people.
- Factors influencing self-perception, including social comparison,the ‘looking glass’ effect and social identity.
- Factors influencing self-esteem.
Theories of attribution and attributional biases.
- Dispositional and situational attributions. Three theoretical
approaches: causal schemata model, covariation model and correspondent-inference model.
- Attributional biases, including the fundamental attribution error, actor/observer differences, self-serving bias.
Social Psychology of Sport
11.4.1 Social facilitation Social facilitation theory. Dominant responses. Causes of arousal: evaluation apprehension and distraction. Effects of arousal on performance. Home ground advantage for both individual and team performance. Home advantage in different sports.
11.4.2 Team cohesion Team cohesion as task cohesion and social cohesion. Factors influencing cohesion and satisfaction in a team. Links between cohesion and performance in relation to type of sport.
COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
11.5 Perception and Attention 11.5.1 Perception Processing sensoryinformation ‘Bottom-up’ and ‘top-down’ theories of information processing. The influence of factors, including motivation, expectation, emotion and culture on perception. Visual perception Types of perceptual constancy. Examples of visual illusions,including Müller-Lyer, Ponzo and ambiguous figures. What these illusions tell us about visual perception.
11.5.2 Attention Defining attention Selective and divided attention. The nature of selective and divided attention Models of attention including those of Broadbent, Triesman, Deutsch and Deutsch, and Kahneman.